Animal response to drastic changes in oxygen availability and physiological oxidative stress
Animal response to drastic changes in oxygen availability and physiological oxidative stress
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DOI：
10.1016/s1532-0456(02)00080-7
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发表时间：
2002-12-01
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Zenteno-Savín, T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hermes-Lima, M;Zenteno-Savín, T
氧气对大多数生命形式来说是必不可少的，但由于它的生物转化为活性氧（ROS），它也具有固有的毒性。事实上，许多动物和植物病理状况的发展，以及自然衰老，都与ROS产生过多和/或抗氧化能力下降有关。然而，在自然条件下，许多动物物种能够忍受潜在的氧化应激。鱼、蛙、龟缺氧，耐冻的蛇、蛙、虫幼虫、潜水的海豹、龟器官严重缺氧，脱水的蛙、蟾蜍、蜗牛器官轻度缺氧。所有情况都让人想起对大多数哺乳动物和鸟类具有高度破坏性的缺血/再灌注事件。本文综述了缺氧/耐缺氧动物在环境和代谢应激导致氧气限制时的反应。冬眠中醒来的地松鼠和冬眠中醒来的蜗牛代谢率的突然变化也可能为ROS的形成增加创造了条件。比较这些不同动物的反应，可以发现某些模式。最常见的反应是增强抗氧化防御。关键抗氧化酶的基线活性增加，以及“次级”酶防御和谷胱甘肽水平的增加，为组织再氧化引起的假定氧化应激情况做准备，似乎是首选的进化适应。在缺氧/缺氧情况下，提高整体抗氧化能力与吊带蛇（Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis）和木雾（Rana sylvatica）等物种有关，而潜水淡水龟（Trachemys scripta elegans）似乎主要依靠抗氧化酶的高组成活性来处理组织再氧化过程中产生的氧化应激。不能排除某些动物物种控制缺氧后ROS生成的可能性。(C) 2002爱思唯尔科学有限公司版权所有。
Oxygen is essential for most life forms, but it is also inherently toxic due to its biotransformation into reactive oxygen species (ROS). In fact, the development of many animal and plant pathological conditions, as well as natural aging, is associated with excessive ROS production and/or decreased antioxidant capacity. However, a number of animal species are able to tolerate, under natural conditions, situations posing a large potential for oxidative stress. Situations range from anoxia in fish, frogs and turtles, to severe hypoxia in organs of freeze-tolerant snakes, frogs and insect larvae, or diving seals and turtles, and mild hypoxia in organs of dehydrated frogs and toads or estivating snails. All situations are reminiscent of ischemia/reperfusion events that are highly damaging to most mammals and birds. This article reviews the responses of anoxia/hypoxia-tolerant animals when subjected to environmental and metabolic stresses leading to oxygen limitation. Abrupt changes in metabolic rate in ground squirrels arousing from hibernation, as well as snails arousing from estivation, may also set up a condition of increased ROS formation. Comparing the responses from these diverse animals, certain patterns emerge. The most commonly observed response is an enhancement of the antioxidant defense. The increase in the baseline activity of key antioxidant enzymes, as well as 'secondary' enzymatic defenses, and/or glutathione levels in preparation for a putative oxidative stressful situation arising from tissue reoxygenation seem to be the preferred evolutionary adaptation. Increasing the overall antioxidant capacity during anoxia/hypoxia is of relevance for species such as garter snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis) and wood fogs (Rana sylvatica), while diving freshwater turtles (Trachemys scripta elegans) appear to rely mainly upon high constitutive activities of antioxidant enzymes to deal with oxidative stress arising during tissue reoxygetiation. The possibility that some animal species might control post-anoxic ROS generation cannot be excluded. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.