The vestibular cortex - Its locations, functions, and disorders
The vestibular cortex - Its locations, functions, and disorders
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb09193.x
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发表时间：
1999-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Dieterich, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brandt, T;Dieterich, M
有证据表明，多感觉顶叶岛叶皮质是人类同源的顶叶岛叶前庭皮质（PIVC）在猴子，并参与垂直和自我运动的感知。急性病变（大脑中动脉梗死患者）的这一领域引起的反向倾斜的垂直，身体侧移，很少，旋转性眩晕。使用正电子发射断层扫描或功能性磁共振断层扫描的脑激活研究表明，PIVC被激活的热量冲洗的耳朵或电流刺激的乳突。这表明PIVC接收来自半规管和耳石的输入。PIVC在小视野视动刺激过程中也被激活，但当眼球震颤被固定抑制时则不被激活。前庭皮质区、视觉运动敏感区和眼运动区的激活表现出明显的右半球优势。前庭皮层与视觉皮层密切相互作用，以匹配两个3-D方向图（垂直感，房间倾斜错觉），并通过相互抑制的视觉-前庭相互作用介导自我运动感知。这种抑制性相互作用的机制允许在自我运动感知期间将主导感觉权重从一种感觉模态（视觉或前庭）转移到另一种感觉模态，这取决于哪种刺激模式占主导地位：身体加速度（前庭输入）或恒定速度运动（视觉输入）。
Evidence is presented that the multisensory parieto-insular cortex is the human homologue of the parieto-insular vestibular cortex (PIVC) in the monkey and is involved in the perception of verticality and self-motion. Acute lesions (patients with middle cerebral artery infarctions) of this area caused contraversive tilts of perceived vertical, body lateropulsion, and, rarely, rotational vertigo. Brain activation studies using positron emission tomography or functional magnetic resonance tomography showed that PIVC was activated by caloric irrigation of the the ears or by galvanic stimulation of the mastoid. This indicates that PIVC receives input from both the semicircular canals and otoliths. PIVC was also activated during small-field optokinetic stimulation, but not when the nystagmus was suppressed by fixation. Activation of vestibular cortex areas, visual motion-sensitive areas, and ocular motor areas exhibited a significant right-hemispheric dominance. The vestibular cortex intimately interacts with the visual cortex to match the two 3-D orientation maps (perception of verticality, room-tilt illusion) and mediates self-motion perception by means of a reciprocal inhibitory visual-vestibular interaction. This mechanism of an inhibitory interaction allows a shift of the dominant sensorial weight during self-motion perception from one sensory modality (visual or vestibular) to the other, depending on which mode of stimulation prevails: body acceleration (vestibular input) or constant velocity motion (visual input).