Rapid change in Japanese medical education
Rapid change in Japanese medical education
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DOI：
10.1080/01421590412331270492
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发表时间：
2004-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Yoshida, I
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Onishi, H;Yoshida, I
日本医学教育的变化在过去10年中一直在加速。从历史上看，每个医学院校的临床部门都发挥了至关重要的作用，但大众媒体的报道试图用一些医疗事故案例、不适当的医患沟通等来反驳封建的“ikyoku-koza”制度。特别是，自2001年以来，公立医学院网络进行了重组、合并和私有化。在20世纪90年代，一些私立医学院开发了独特的课程，包括以问题为基础的学习（PBL），客观结构化临床考试（OSCE）和介绍临床医学（ICM）。临床医学课程仍然是一个关键问题，将是每个医学院管理的一个重大挑战。由1200多个目标组成的国家示范课程的有效性可能是值得怀疑的，但国家共同成就测试（CAT）将对临床前课程产生重大影响。在未来，每个医学院校都应该采用以结果为基础的教育体系，以闭合课程开发的循环。基于整个医学院或课程的评估系统将是成功教育的关键。
Change in Japanese medical education has been accelerating over the last 10 years. Historically, clinical departments in each medical school played a crucial role, but reports in the mass media tried to refute the feudal 'ikyoku-koza' system with a number of malpractice cases, inappropriate patient-doctor communication, etc. At that time policies by the Ministries of Education and Health (rationalized in 2001) independently became more influential in medical education. In particular the network of governmental medical schools has been restructured, merged and privatized since 2001. In the 1990s several private medical schools developed distinctive curricula including problem-based learning (PBL), the objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) and introduction to clinical medicine (ICM). The curriculum for clinical medicine is still a critical issue and will be a major challenge for the management of each medical school. The effectiveness of the National Model Curriculum consisting of more than 1200 objectives might be questionable but the National Common Achievement Test (CAT) will make a strong impact on the preclinical curriculum. In the future each medical school should adopt an outcome-based education system to close the loop of curriculum development. An evaluation system based on the entire medical school or curriculum will be the key to successful education.