Emergency Incident Detection from Crowdsourced Waze Data using Bayesian Information Fusion

Emergency Incident Detection from Crowdsourced Waze Data using Bayesian Information Fusion
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使用贝叶斯信息融合从众包 Waze 数据中检测紧急事件

DOI:
10.1109/wiiat50758.2020.00029
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发表时间:
2020
期刊:
2020 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Joint Conference on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology (WI-IAT
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Dubey, Abhishek
Dubey, Abhishek
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Senarath, Yasas;Nannapaneni, Saideep;Purohit, Hemant;Dubey, Abhishek

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近年来,随着城市化的发展,突发事件的数量有所增加。这种模式使资源有限的紧急服务不堪重负,要求优化反应过程。部分原因是由于传统的应急服务收集事件数据的“被动”方法,当一个来源发起呼叫紧急号码(例如,美国的911)时,延迟和限制了潜在的最佳响应。像Waze这样的众包平台提供了一个机会,可以开发一种快速、“主动”的方法,通过群体生成的观察报告收集事件数据。然而,报告来源的可靠性和报告事件的时空不确定性对这种主动方法的设计提出了挑战。因此,本文提出了一种利用噪声众包Waze数据进行突发事件检测的新方法。我们提出了一个基于贝叶斯理论的原则计算框架,以模拟人群生成报告可靠性的不确定性及其跨空间和时间的整合,以检测事件。使用从Waze收集的数据和美国田纳西州纳什维尔官方报告的事件进行的大量实验表明,我们的方法在fl分数和AUC方面都优于强基线。这项工作的应用提供了一个可扩展的框架,以纳入不同的噪声数据源,用于主动事件检测,以改善和优化我们社区的应急响应操作。
The number of emergencies have increased over the years with the growth in urbanization. This pattern has overwhelmed the emergency services with limited resources and demands the optimization of response processes. It is partly due to traditional `reactive' approach of emergency services to collect data about incidents, where a source initiates a call to the emergency number (e.g., 911 in U.S.), delaying and limiting the potentially optimal response. Crowdsourcing platforms such as Waze provides an opportunity to develop a rapid, `proactive' approach to collect data about incidents through crowd-generated observational reports. However, the reliability of reporting sources and spatio-temporal uncertainty of the reported incidents challenge the design of such a proactive approach. Thus, this paper presents a novel method for emergency incident detection using noisy crowdsourced Waze data. We propose a principled computational framework based on Bayesian theory to model the uncertainty in the reliability of crowd-generated reports and their integration across space and time to detect incidents. Extensive experiments using data collected from Waze and the official reported incidents in Nashville, Tenessee in the U.S. show our method can outperform strong baselines for both Fl-score and AUC. The application of this work provides an extensible framework to incorporate different noisy data sources for proactive incident detection to improve and optimize emergency response operations in our communities.
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