Warm-season severe wind events in Germany
Warm-season severe wind events in Germany
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德国暖季强风事件
DOI：
10.1016/j.atmosres.2012.07.017
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
C. Gatzen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. Gatzen
对德国暖季强阵风的15年风测量数据集进行了分析。从1997年到2011年的4月到9月，有1035次风速大于或等于26米/秒。这些风力报告与268个风力事件有关。252个对流风事件贡献了837个风报告（81%），16个非对流天气尺度风事件贡献了198个风报告（19%）。强风事件的天气条件是中层气流偏强，中层低压槽向前推进。利用雷达图像对强对流风事件进行了分析，并根据观测到的雷达结构进行了分类。最重要的对流模式是飑线，它与三分之一的强阵风有关，其次是群、弓形回波复合体和弓形回波。超级细胞和普通细胞与许多风报告无关。孤立单体的低贡献表明，锋面等天气尺度特征的大尺度强迫对德国强风事件很重要。弓形回波在所有风报告中占58%。弓形回波运动速度变化较大，最大速度为33m/s。研究发现，极端大风事件以及风速超过15次的事件与较高的移动速度有关。在最激烈的事件中，derechos似乎对德国暖季的风威胁非常重要。路径长度超过400km的对流事件占该数据集中所有暖季阵风的36%。此外，9次超过40米/秒的极端阵风中有8次记录了derecho事件。
A 15-year data set of wind measurements was analyzed with regard to warm season severe wind gusts in Germany. For April to September of the years 1997 to 2011, 1035 wind measurements of 26m/s or greater were found. These wind reports were associated with 268 wind events. In total, 252 convective wind events contributed to 837 (81%) of the wind reports, 16 non-convective synoptic-scale wind events contributed to 198 reports (19%). Severe wind events were found with synoptic situations characterized by rather strong mid-level flow and advancing mid-level troughs. Severe convective wind events were analyzed using radar images and classified with respect to the observed radar structure. The most important convective mode was squall lines that were associated with one third of all severe wind gusts, followed by groups, bow echo complexes, and bow echoes. Supercells and cells were not associated with many wind reports. The low contribution of isolated cells indicates that rather large-scale forcing by synoptic-scale features like fronts is important for German severe wind events. Bow echoes were found to be present for 58% of all wind reports. The movement speed of bow echoes indicated a large variation with a maximum speed of 33m/s. Extreme wind events as well as events with more than 15 wind reports were found to be related to higher movement speeds. Concentrating on the most intense events, derechos seem to be very important to the warm season wind threat in Germany. Convective events with a path length of more than 400km contributed to 36% of all warm-season wind gusts in this data set. Furthermore, eight of nine extreme gusts exceeding 40m/s were recorded with derecho events.