HIV in Canada-Surveillance Report, 2018.
HIV in Canada-Surveillance Report, 2018.
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DOI：
10.14745/ccdr.v45i12a01
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发表时间：
2019-12-05
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Archibald, C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Haddad, N;Robert, A;Archibald, C
背景：人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）是一个全球性的公共卫生问题，2017年估计有3690万人感染HIV。自1985年以来，加拿大的艾滋病病毒一直是可报告的，加拿大公共卫生署（PHAC）继续监测新的艾滋病病毒诊断的趋势。目的：本监测报告的目的是提供自1985年以来加拿大所有报告的艾滋病病毒诊断的流行病学概述，重点是2018年的总体情况，并按地理位置，年龄组，性别和暴露类别进行。PHAC通过国家艾滋病毒/艾滋病监测系统监测艾滋病毒，这是一个被动的、基于病例的系统，对加拿大各省和地区自愿提交的非名义数据进行整理。对加拿大移民、难民和公民部以及加拿大围产期艾滋病监测计划提供的全国数据和与特定人群相关的数据进行了描述性流行病学分析。结果：2018年，加拿大共报告了2,561例艾滋病诊断，与2017年相比增加了8.2%。全国确诊率从2017年的每10万人口6.5人上升至2018年的每10万人口6.9人。萨斯喀彻温省报告的省级诊断率最高，为每10万人14.9人。30-39岁年龄组的艾滋病毒诊断率仍然最高，为每100 000人中15.4人。总体而言，男性的诊断率继续高于女性（分别为每100 000人9.8对4.0）;然而，女性的报告病例和诊断率增加幅度更大。男同性恋、双性恋和其他男男性行为者（gbMSM）接触类别在所有报告的成人病例中所占比例仍然最高（41.4%），尽管这一比例随着时间的推移有所下降。五围产期艾滋病毒传播记录，三个有关的母亲没有接受围产期抗逆转录病毒治疗prophylaxis.CONCLUSION：在加拿大报告的艾滋病毒病例的数量和比率增加，在2018年，gbMSM继续占最大的暴露类别和妇女中报告的艾滋病毒病例的数量和比率增加。PHAC将继续与其国家伙伴合作，完善国家数据的收集、分析和公布，以更好地了解加拿大的艾滋病毒负担。
BACKGROUND: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a global public health issue, with an estimated 36.9 million people living with HIV in 2017. HIV has been reportable in Canada since 1985 and the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) continues to monitor trends in new HIV diagnoses.OBJECTIVE: The objective of this surveillance report is to provide an overview of the epidemiology of all reported diagnoses of HIV in Canada since 1985 with a focus on 2018 overall, and by geographic location, age group, sex, and exposure category.METHODS: PHAC monitors HIV through the national HIV/AIDS Surveillance System, a passive, case-based system that collates nonnominal data that is voluntarily submitted by all Canadian provinces and territories. Descriptive epidemiological analyses were conducted on national data and those relating to specific populations provided by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada and the Canadian Perinatal HIV Surveillance Program.RESULTS: In 2018, a total of 2,561 HIV diagnoses were reported in Canada, an increase of 8.2% compared with 2017. The national diagnosis rate increased to 6.9 per 100,000 population in 2018 from 6.5 per 100,000 population in 2017. Saskatchewan reported the highest provincial diagnosis rate at 14.9 per 100,000 population. The 30-39 year age group continued to have the highest HIV diagnosis rate at 15.4 per 100,000 population. Overall, the diagnosis rate for males continued to be higher than that of females (9.8 versus 4.0 per 100,000 population, respectively); however, females experienced a larger increase in reported cases and diagnosis rate. The gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (gbMSM) exposure category continued to represent the highest proportion of all reported adult cases (41.4%), though the proportion has decreased over time. Five perinatal HIV transmissions were documented, three were related to the mother not receiving perinatal antiretroviral therapy prophylaxis.CONCLUSION: The number and rate of reported HIV cases in Canada increased in 2018, gbMSM continued to account for the largest exposure category and the number and rate of reported HIV cases among women increased. PHAC will continue to work with its national partners to refine the collection, analysis and publication of national data to better understand the burden of HIV in Canada.