The work lives of women Physicians - Results from the physician work life study
The work lives of women Physicians - Results from the physician work life study
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DOI：
10.1046/j.1525-1497.2000.9908009.x
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发表时间：
2000-06-01
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Nelson, K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
McMurray, JE;Linzer, M;Nelson, K
目的：描述性别差异的工作满意度，工作生活的问题，和倦怠的美国医生。设计/参与者：医生的工作生活研究，一个具有全国代表性的随机分层抽样的5,704名医生在初级和专业非手术护理（N = 2,326受访者，32%的女性，调整后的响应率= 52%）。调查包含150个项目评估职业满意度和多个方面的工作life.MEASUREMENTS和主要结果：被满意的工作生活的各个方面和报告倦怠的几率的几率建模与调查加权Logistic回归控制人口统计变量和实践特点。多元线性回归模型的全球，职业生涯和专业的满意度与收入，时间压力和项目测量控制医疗和工作场所的问题作为自变量的因变量。与男性医生相比，女性医生更可能对自己的专业以及患者和同事关系表示满意（P < .05），但对自主权、与社区的关系、薪酬和资源的满意度较低（P < .05）。女医生报告说，与男同事相比，女病人和有复杂心理社会问题的病人更多，但复杂医疗病人的数量相同。女性在门诊环境中的时间压力更大，她们平均需要比分配给新患者或咨询的时间多36%的时间，而男性需要多21%的时间（P <0.01）。女医生报告的工作控制比男医生的日常实践方面，包括病人的负荷量，选择医生转诊，和办公室安排的细节（P <0.01）。在控制多种因素后，妇女的平均收入比男子少约22 000美元。与男性相比，女性报告倦怠的几率是男性的1.6倍（P <0.05），女性每周工作40小时以上，每增加5小时，倦怠的几率增加12%至15%（P <0.05）。工作场所缺乏控制预示着女性的倦怠，而不是男性。对于那些有年幼子女的妇女，工作倦怠的几率为40%，当同事，配偶，或其他重要的支持平衡工作和家庭问题present.CONCLUSIONS：性别差异存在的经验和满意度与医疗实践。解决这些性别差异将优化女医生在医疗队伍中的参与。
OBJECTIVE: To describe gender differences in job satisfaction, work life issues, and burnout of U.S. physicians.DESIGN/PARTICIPANTS: The Physician Work life Study, a nationally representative random stratified sample of 5,704 physicians in primary and specialty nonsurgical care (N = 2,326 respondents; 32% female, adjusted response rate = 52%). Survey contained 150 items assessing career satisfaction and multiple aspects of work life.MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Odds of being satisfied with facets of work life and odds of reporting burnout were modeled with survey-weighted logistic regression controlling for demographic variables and practice characteristics. Multiple linear regression was performed to model dependent variables of global, career, and specialty satisfaction with independent variables of income, time pressure, and items measuring control over medical and workplace issues. Compared with male physicians, female physicians were more likely to report satisfaction with their specialty and with patient and colleague relationships (P < .05), but less likely to be satisfied with autonomy, relationships with community, pay, and resources (P < .05). Female physicians reported more female patients and more patients with complex psychosocial problems, but the same numbers of complex medical patients, compared with their male colleagues. Time pressure in ambulatory settings was greater for women, who on average reported needing 36% more time than allotted to provide quality care for new patients or consultations, compared with 21% more time needed by men (P < .01). Female physicians reported significantly less work control than male physicians regarding day-to-day aspects of practice including volume of patient load, selecting physicians for referrals, and details of office scheduling (P < .01). When controlling for multiple factors, mean income for women was approximately $22,000 less than that of men. Women had 1.6 times the odds of reporting burnout compared with men (P < .05), with the odds of burnout by women increasing by 12% to 15% for each additional 5 hours worked per week over 40 hours (P < .05). Lack of workplace control predicted burnout in women but not in men. For those women with young children, odds of burnout were 40% less when support of colleagues, spouse, or significant other for balancing work and home issues was present.CONCLUSIONS: Gender differences exist in both the experience of and satisfaction with medical practice. Addressing these gender differences will optimize the participation of female physicians within the medical workforce.