Haloarchaea and the formation of gas vesicles.
Haloarchaea and the formation of gas vesicles.
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DOI：
10.3390/life5010385
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发表时间：
2015-02-02
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Pfeifer F
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pfeifer F
嗜盐古生菌在盐碱地中生长旺盛，盐碱地的氯化钠浓度达到饱和。许多海洋古生菌都有编码气泡的基因，但只有少数物种，如盐生盐生杆菌和地中海嗜盐杆菌，能产生这些充满气体的蛋白质纳米隔间。气泡增加了细胞的浮力，使它们能够在水体中垂直迁移到条件最佳的区域。它们的合成依赖于环境因素，如光、氧气供应、温度和盐浓度。14个GVP基因参与了GVP基因的形成，GVP基因的表达调控发生在转录水平，包括GvpD和GvpE两个调控蛋白，也包括翻译水平。气囊泡壁仅由两种主要成分GvpA和GvpC的蛋白质组成，还涉及另外七种辅助蛋白质。除了GvpI和GvpH外，所有这些都是形成透气壁所必需的。气泡的应用包括用作病毒或病原体蛋白的抗原呈递者，但也用作生物医学目的的稳定超声报告。
Halophilic Archaea (Haloarchaea) thrive in salterns containing sodium chloride concentrations up to saturation. Many Haloarchaea possess genes encoding gas vesicles, but only a few species, such as Halobacterium salinarum and Haloferax mediterranei, produce these gas-filled, proteinaceous nanocompartments. Gas vesicles increase the buoyancy of cells and enable them to migrate vertically in the water body to regions with optimal conditions. Their synthesis depends on environmental factors, such as light, oxygen supply, temperature and salt concentration. Fourteen gas vesicle protein (gvp) genes are involved in their formation, and regulation of gvp gene expression occurs at the level of transcription, including the two regulatory proteins, GvpD and GvpE, but also at the level of translation. The gas vesicle wall is solely formed of proteins with the two major components, GvpA and GvpC, and seven additional accessory proteins are also involved. Except for GvpI and GvpH, all of these are required to form the gas permeable wall. The applications of gas vesicles include their use as an antigen presenter for viral or pathogen proteins, but also as a stable ultrasonic reporter for biomedical purposes.