A machine learning methodology to quantify the potential of urban densification in the Oxford-Cambridge Arc, United Kingdom

A machine learning methodology to quantify the potential of urban densification in the Oxford-Cambridge Arc, United Kingdom
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用于量化英国牛津-剑桥弧区城市致密化潜力的机器学习方法

DOI:
10.1016/j.scs.2023.104451
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发表时间:
2023
影响因子:
11.7
通讯作者:
Mohajeri N
Mohajeri N
中科院分区:
工程技术1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Mohajeri N

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区域规模的城市住宅密集化为应对城市可持续性的多重挑战提供了机会。但是,缺乏详细的大规模分析致密化潜力及其与自然资本相结合以评估住房能力的框架。使用机器学习随机森林算法和探索性数据分析(EDA)的组合,我们提出了英国牛津-剑桥弧地区(目前人口370万,预计到2035年将增加到470万)潜在住宅用地的密度情景和住房容量估计。对牛津郡进行了详细的分析,假设城市和农村地区的密度不同,并保护具有高价值自然资本的土地不受开发。对于每年30,000套住宅的情景,地方计划中分配的土地可以覆盖四个区的住房增长,但不能覆盖牛津市本身(占需求的48%);在低住房密度情景中,只有19%的需求可以覆盖,但在高住房密度情景中,这一比例为59%。我们的研究提出了一种决策支持方法,用于量化住房增长对自然资本的影响,如何使用更紧凑的开发模式,保护具有高价值自然资本的土地,以及在可用的情况下使用低生物多样性的布朗菲尔德。
Regional-scale urban residential densification provides an opportunity to tackle multiple challenges of sustainability in cities. But framework for detailed large-scale analysis of densification potentials and their integration with natural capital to assess the housing capacity is lacking. Using a combination of Machine Learning Random Forests algorithm and exploratory data analysis (EDA), we propose density scenarios and housing-capacity estimates for the potential residential lands in the Oxford–Cambridge Arc region (whose current population of 3.7 million is expected to increase up to 4.7 million in 2035) in the UK. A detailed analysis was done for Oxfordshire, assuming different densities in urban and rural areas and protecting lands with high-value natural capital from development. For a 30,000 dwellings-per-year scenario, the land allocated in Local Plans could cover housing growth in the four districts but not in Oxford City itself (which accounts for 48% of the demand); only 19% of the need would be covered in low but 59% in high housing density scenarios. Our study suggests a decision-support method for quantifying how the impact of housing growth on natural capital can be significantly reduced using more compact development patterns, protection of land with high-value natural capital, and use of low-biodiversity brownfield sites where available.
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