Frequent stover mulching builds healthy soil and sustainable agriculture in Mollisols
Frequent stover mulching builds healthy soil and sustainable agriculture in Mollisols
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.agee.2021.107815
复制
发表时间：
2022-03
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Yali Yang;Xuelian Bao;Hongtu Xie;Hongbo He;Xudong Zhang;Pengshuai Shao;Xuefeng Zhu;Yuji Jiang;C. Liang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yali Yang;Xuelian Bao;Hongtu Xie;Hongbo He;Xudong Zhang;Pengshuai Shao;Xuefeng Zhu;Yuji Jiang;C. Liang
将植物残体还田可保持或提高土壤的肥力和生产力，以抵消耕作农业生态系统土壤质量的退化。尽管秸秆覆盖是一种可管理、有效的做法，已被广泛用于恢复土壤健康和维持生态系统，但目前尚不清楚从长远来看改变秸秆覆盖的频率和数量如何影响土壤生态系统，而且仍然难以理解与此过程中地下微生物组的特征和反应相关的潜在机制。在这里，我们调查了一个中国黑土受到10年，免耕管理计划与两个级别的频率（即，高频率每年连续覆盖和低频率每3年间隔覆盖）和两个水平的数量（即，玉米秸秆覆盖量少（33%），覆盖量多（67%）。我们发现，频率，而不是数量，显着影响细菌群落的生活史策略和作物产量。秸秆覆盖频率对5-10 cm和10-20 cm土层细菌群落结构有显著影响，在5-10 cm土层，秸秆覆盖频率高的土壤细菌多样性和丰富度显著高于秸秆覆盖频率低的。在高频率秸秆覆盖下，土壤中细菌群落的复杂且紧密的共生网络主要与兼养生物（例如，拟杆菌和α-变形菌）和涉及碳水化合物、氨基酸和脂质的潜在代谢功能;在低频率秸秆覆盖下，简单和松散的共生网络与寡养生物（例如，节杆菌属）和涉及细胞过程的潜在功能。高频率秸秆覆盖维持了土壤有机碳储量，使土壤全磷和全钾储量分别提高了16.0%和4.7%，作物生产力提高了14.1%，与秸秆覆盖量无关。总之，我们建议保持低数量，而高频率的覆盖可以有效地促进土壤健康，而不影响作物产量，以及优化秸秆的使用。我们的研究表明，高频率应用少量秸秆覆盖可能足以通过有效改善土壤健康来实现再生农业。
Returning plant residue to farmland maintains or enhances the fertility and productivity of soils to offset degradation of soil quality in cultivated agricultural ecosystems. Although stover mulching serves as a manageable, efficient practice that has been widely used to restore soil health and to sustain ecosystems, it is unclear how changing the frequency and quantity of stover mulching in the long run affects the soil ecosystem, and it remains elusive what the underlying mechanisms are that associated with the features and responses of belowground microbiomes in the process. Here, we investigated a China Mollisol subjected to a 10-year, no-till management scheme with two-level frequencies (i.e., high frequency with continuous mulching per year and low frequency with interval mulching every 3 years) and two-level quantities (i.e., low quantity, 33%, and high quantity, 67%) of maize stover mulching. We found that the frequency, but not the quantity, significantly influenced life-history strategies of bacterial communities and crop yields. Specifically, frequency of stover mulching significantly affected structure of bacterial communities in deeper soil layers at 5–10 cm and 10–20 cm; at 5–10 cm, high frequency of stover mulching showed significantly higher bacterial diversity and richness than low frequency mulching. The complex and close-knit co-occurrence network of bacterial communities in soils under high frequency stover mulching was associated predominately with copiotrophs (e.g., Bacteroidetes and Alphaproteobacteria) and potential metabolic functions that involved carbohydrates, amino acids, and lipids; under low frequency stover mulching, the simple and loose co-occurrence networks were associated with oligotrophs (e.g.,Arthrobacter) and potential functions that involved cell processes. We also found that high frequency stover mulching maintained the storage of soil organic carbon, improved the stocks of soil total phosphorus at 16.0% and potassium at 4.7%, and enhanced crop productivity at 14.1% than low frequency, independent of the quantity of stover mulching. Together, we suggest maintaining a low-quantity while high-frequency of mulch might efficiently boost soil health without compromising crop yields and as well optimize the use of stover. Our study revealed that applying a small quantity of stover mulching at high frequency might be sufficient for regenerative agriculture by efficiently improving soil health.