Which grazing management practices are most appropriate for maintaining biodiversity in South African grassland?
Which grazing management practices are most appropriate for maintaining biodiversity in South African grassland?
复制标题
哪些放牧管理做法最适合维持南非草原的生物多样性？
DOI：
10.2989/10220119.2010.502646
复制
发表时间：
2010
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
B. Corcoran
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
T. O’Connor;P. Kuyler;K. Kirkman;B. Corcoran
评价了不同放牧管理方式对维持草原生物多样性完整性的相对效益。考虑了放牧制度、载畜率、动物类型、放牧季节、火-放牧相互作用以及燃烧制度。稀疏的经验数据表明，载畜率、牛羊比和增加的火灾间隔对植物多样性有影响。某些物种表现为增加或减少物种，以响应放养率或牛羊比。在不同的火种条件下，植物多样性表现出较强的稳定性。采用多标准分析方法评估放牧系统（连续、常规或高强度放牧）对草地生物多样性完整性的相对影响。选定的指标包括景观组成、结构和功能。根据放养率，高强度放牧系统和连续放牧羊的负面影响最大，而连续放牧牛肉的负面影响最小。在将草原条件作为维持生物多样性的管理工具之前，还需要进一步验证草原条件与植物多样性之间的关系。建议的研究重点包括盘点所使用的管理系统、快速扩展经验数据库、提高对整个生物群系植物多样性模式的理解，以及评估高温放牧多样性范式。
The relative benefit of different grazing management practices for maintaining grassland biodiversity integrity was assessed. Practices considered were grazing system, stocking rate, animal type, grazing season, fire–grazing interaction, plus burning regime. Sparse empirical data indicated that stocking rate, cattle-to-sheep ratio, and increased fire intervals can affect plant diversity. Certain species behave as increaser or decreaser species in response to stocking rate or cattle-to-sheep ratio. Plant diversity appears robust in the face of variation in fire regime except for preclusion of fire. Multicriteria analysis was used to assess the relative impact of grazing systems (continuous, conventional, or high-intensity grazing by sheep, cattle, or sheep plus cattle) on grassland biodiversity integrity. Selected indicators covered landscape composition, structure and functioning. High-intensity systems and continuous sheep grazing have the most, and continuous grazing with beef the least, negative impact, depending on stocking rate. The relation between veld condition and plant diversity needs to be tested further before veld condition is used as a management tool for maintaining biodiversity. Proposed research priorities include inventory of management systems used, rapid expansion of the empirical data base, an improved understanding of patterns of plant diversity across the biome, and evaluation of the pyro–grazing diversity paradigm.