Specialist reassociation and residence time modulate the evolution of defense in invasive plants: A meta-analysis.
Specialist reassociation and residence time modulate the evolution of defense in invasive plants: A meta-analysis.
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DOI：
10.1002/ecy.4253
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发表时间：
2024-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Jiahui Yi;Jinlong Wan;Katja Tielbörger;Zhibin Tao;Evan Siemann;Wei Huang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jiahui Yi;Jinlong Wan;Katja Tielbörger;Zhibin Tao;Evan Siemann;Wei Huang
入侵植物通常逃避专业食草动物，但经常受到入侵范围内的通才食草动物的攻击。转变防御假说表明，这将导致入侵植物进化出对专家的较低抵抗力、对通才的较高抵抗力以及对食草动物损害的更大耐受性。然而，选择压力的持续时间和方向可以塑造对入侵植物的抗性和耐受性的进化反应。两个关键因素是（1）停留时间（入侵物种在其引入范围内的时间长度）和（2）专业食草动物重新关联（故意或意外引入的专业人员的攻击）。然而，这两个因素没有被认为是同时在以前的定量合成。在这里，我们进行了一项荟萃分析，367效应量来自70项研究的35种入侵植物物种从本地和入侵种群。我们测试了入侵植物物种的停留时间和专家重新关联在其引入的范围内如何影响防御专家和通才的进化反应，包括草食动物的抗性特征（物理屏障，消化率降低剂和毒素），抗性效应（专家或通才的性能和造成的损害）和对损害的耐受性（从专家或通才）。我们发现，停留时间和专家重新关联每个显着改变消化率降低，专家的性能，通才的损害，并容忍专家的损害。此外，停留时间和专家重新关联强烈改变毒素和多面手的表现，分别。当我们限制考虑入侵植物物种的停留时间较长，没有与专家重新关联，入侵种群有较低的抵抗专家，类似的抵抗通才，和更高的耐受性，从两个草食动物类型的损害，与本地种群相比。我们的结论是，持续时间和方向的选择压力形状的进化反应的入侵植物。在长期（长停留时间）和稳定（没有专家重新关联）的选择压力下，入侵植物通常会降低对专家的抵抗力，并增加对通才损害的耐受性，这为转移防御假说提供了混合支持。
Invasive plants typically escape specialist herbivores but are often attacked by generalist herbivores in their introduced ranges. The shifting defense hypothesis suggests that this will cause invasive plants to evolve lower resistance against specialists, higher resistance against generalists, and greater tolerance to herbivore damage. However, the duration and direction of selective pressures can shape the evolutionary responses of resistance and tolerance for invasive plants. Two critical factors are (1) residence time (length of time that an invasive species has been in its introduced range) and (2) specialist herbivore reassociation (attack by purposely or accidentally introduced specialists). Yet, these two factors have not been considered simultaneously in previous quantitative syntheses. Here, we performed a meta-analysis with 367 effect sizes from 70 studies of 35 invasive plant species from native and invasive populations. We tested how the residence time of invasive plant species and specialist reassociation in their introduced ranges affected evolutionary responses of defenses against specialists and generalists, including herbivore resistance traits (physical barriers, digestibility reducers and toxins), resistance effects (performance of and damage caused by specialists or generalists) and tolerance to damage (from specialists or generalists). We found that residence time and specialist reassociation each significantly altered digestibility reducers, specialist performance, generalist damage, and tolerance to specialist damage. Furthermore, residence time and specialist reassociation strongly altered toxins and generalist performance, respectively. When we restricted consideration to invasive plant species with both longer residence times and no reassociation with specialists, invasive populations had lower resistance to specialists, similar resistance to generalists, and higher tolerance to damage from both herbivore types, compared with native populations. We conclude that the duration and direction of selective pressure shape the evolutionary responses of invasive plants. Under long-term (long residence time) and stable (no specialist reassociation) selective pressure, invasive plants generally decrease resistance to specialists and increase tolerance to generalist damage that provides mixed support for the shifting defense hypothesis.