Fluctuation theorems for continuous quantum measurements and absolute irreversibility
Fluctuation theorems for continuous quantum measurements and absolute irreversibility
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DOI：
10.1103/physreva.99.022117
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发表时间：
2019-02-19
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Jordan, Andrew N.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Manikandan, Sreenath K.;Elouard, Cyril;Jordan, Andrew N.
涨落定理是约束热力学量（如熵产生）的非平衡涨落的关系，最初是为与热浴接触的经典或量子系统引入的。在这里，我们表明，在没有热浴的情况下，连续测量的量子系统的动力学也可以用涨落定理来描述，用最近引入的时间测量箭头来表示。这个定理抓住了连续量子测量中微观可逆性的不可逆行为的出现。从这个关系，我们表明，测量引起的波函数坍缩具有绝对的不可逆性，这样的Jarzynski式的等式被违反，并且这种属性是固有的量子信息采集。我们将我们的结果应用到不同的连续测量方案上：色散测量，零差和外差检测量子比特的荧光。
Fluctuation theorems are relations constraining the out-of-equilibrium fluctuations of thermodynamic quantities like the entropy production that were initially introduced for classical or quantum systems in contact with a thermal bath. Here we show, in the absence of thermal bath, the dynamics of continuously measured quantum systems can also be described by a fluctuation theorem, expressed in terms of a recently introduced arrow of time measure. This theorem captures the emergence of irreversible behavior from microscopic reversibility in continuous quantum measurements. From this relation, we demonstrate that measurement-induced wave-function collapse exhibits absolute irreversibility, such that Jarzynski-like equalities are violated, and that this property is inherent to quantum information acquisition. We apply our results to different continuous measurement schemes on a qubit: dispersive measurement, homodyne, and heterodyne detection of qubit's fluorescence.