Control of measles in Czechoslovakia (CSSR).
Control of measles in Czechoslovakia (CSSR).
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捷克斯洛伐克的麻疹控制（CSSR）。
DOI：
10.1093/clinids/5.3.564
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发表时间：
1983
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Sejda
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Sejda
捷克斯洛伐克社会主义共和国（CSSR）的麻疹大规模免疫接种始于1969年，使用的是捷克斯洛伐克疫苗，其参数相当于进一步减毒的麻疹疫苗。人口中相关年龄组的免疫接种率（即，1968-1980年出生的儿童）在1982年已经达到98%-99%。麻疹发病率下降到引入免疫接种前发病率的2%以下，现在的死亡率几乎可以忽略不计。1972-1982年的十年间，麻疹的流行病学特征发生了重大变化。重要的是，受影响儿童的年龄分布逐渐向年龄较大、未接种疫苗的年龄组转移。每年对广泛的、随机选择的人群样本进行免疫学调查的结果已成为评价疫苗效力的决定性标准。所有儿童的复种方案被选为维持消除麻疹的最佳战略。该计划旨在确保整个人群的群体免疫水平大于或等于95%。
Mass immunization against measles in the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (CSSR) began in 1969 and utilized the Czechoslovak vaccine, which corresponds in its parameters to the further-attenuated measles vaccines. The immunization rate for relevant age groups of the population (i.e., children born in 1968-1980) is already 98%-99% in 1982. Measles morbidity decreased to less than 2% of the incidence before the introduction of immunization, and the mortality now is practically negligible. The decade 1972-1982 produced significant changes in epidemiologic characteristics of measles. Of importance is the gradual shift in the age distribution of affected children to older, nonimmunized age groups. Results of yearly immunologic surveys of a broad, randomly selected population sample have become the decisive criteria for evaluation of vaccine efficacy. The program of revaccination of all children was chosen as the optimal strategy for maintaining measles elimination. This program aims at ensuring a level of herd immunity in the whole population of greater than or equal to 95%.