Learning from Japan's Ordeal
Learning from Japan's Ordeal
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从日本的苦难中吸取教训
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发表时间：
2012
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
H. Tokuyama
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作者：
H. Tokuyama
2011年3月11日，日本东海岸发生9.0级地震。一系列余震引发了日本东部太平洋沿岸的大规模海啸。 33-66 英尺（10-20 米）的高浪对该国东北地区的城市造成了灾难性破坏。本文介绍了日本国土交通省 (MLIT) 对这场灾难的反应，并重点介绍了从这一经验中吸取的教训。尽管地震后国土交通省东北地区局的办公楼无法使用，但由于事前的战略应急计划与危机期间创造性的问题解决相结合，该部仍然能够启动快速响应。灾情发生后的第一天晚上，总干事就下令，把收集信息、建立救援路线和运输物资、支持县和地方政府作为首要任务。该局能够快速清理并重新开放路线，这对于疏散和应急响应行动至关重要。 1995 年地震后实施的严格抗震结构标准确保桥梁不会因地震而损坏并继续使用。国土交通省对这场灾难的初步反应的许多方面都可以为未来提供教训，包括统一组织和使命的重要性；通信系统的安全；与相关组织的合作；桥梁改造；全国性组织；以及与私营部门的合作。总的来说，这次灾难给我们带来了一个教训：提前准备和采取的措施被证明是最有效的。通过反思吸取的教训，该局希望确定措施，以减轻多次遭受灾难性灾害的东北地区未来可能遭受的损害。
On March 11, 2011, a 9.0 earthquake shook the east coast of Japan. A series of aftershocks triggered a massive tsunami along the Pacific coastline of eastern Japan. High surges of 33-66 feet (10-20 meters) caused catastrophic damage in cities in the Tohoku region of the country. This paper describes the response of Japan’s Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport, and Tourism (MLIT) to the disaster, and highlights lessons learned from this experience. Although the office building of the Tohoku Regional Bureau of the MLIT was unusable following the earthquake, the Ministry was still able to initiate a quick response, due to strategic emergency planning before the event combined with creative problem solving during the crisis. On the first night after the disaster, the director general ordered that collecting information, establishing routes for rescue and the transport of supplies, and supporting the prefectural and local governments were to be the top priorities. The bureau was able to quickly clear and reopen routes, which was critical for evacuation and emergency response operations. Tight seismic structural standards that had been implemented following a 1995 earthquake ensured that bridges were not damaged by seismic motion and remained in service. Many aspects of MLIT's initial response to this disaster can serve as lessons for the future, including the importance of a unified organization and mission; securing of communications systems; collaboration with related organizations; bridge retrofitting; nationwide organization; and collaboration with the private sector. Overall, this lesson emerged from this disaster: measures prepared and put in place in advance proved to be the most effective. By reflecting on the lessons learned, the bureau hopes to determine measures to mitigate future possible damage in the Tohoku region, which has repeatedly endured catastrophic disasters.