Studies on Arctic aerosols and clouds during the ArCS project
Studies on Arctic aerosols and clouds during the ArCS project
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ArCS 项目期间对北极气溶胶和云的研究
DOI：
10.1016/j.polar.2020.100621
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
and A. Yoshida
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Koike;K. Goto-Azuma;Y. Kondo;H. Matsui;T. Mori;N. Moteki;S. Ohata;H. Okamoto;N. Oshima;K. Sato;T. Takano;Y. Tobo;J. Ukita;and A. Yoshida
气溶胶和云层在北极气候中起着重要作用。相反，气溶胶排放和云的形成受到北极气候变化的影响。本文回顾了日本国家极地研究所(NIPR)及其合作机构在北极可持续发展挑战(ARCS)项目中进行的气溶胶和云的研究。ARCS项目包括对黑碳气溶胶(BC)的深入研究。我们安装了连续烟尘监测系统(COSMOS)仪器，在北极四个地点测量大气BC，建立了北极BC COSMOS测量网络(ABCM-NET)。我们还测量了北极大片地区积雪中的BC浓度，结果表明，以前的研究大大高估了积雪中的BC。我们开发和改进了新的气溶胶模式，与北极大气、积雪和降雪中的BC测量结果取得了更好的一致性。我们对卑诗省在北极大气和冰雪表面的辐射强迫做出了新的估计，这降低了它们的反照率。除了对卑诗省的这些研究外，我们还对斯瓦尔巴特群岛纽奥勒索德的冰核粒子(INP)进行了准确的测量，结果表明，由于冰川喷发沉积物释放的尘埃粒子，冰核粒子的浓度在夏季有所增加。这种高成冰能力可能是由于存在与尘埃颗粒混合的有机物质。我们还对位于尼奥勒索德的北极地区的云的微物理性质进行了连续的云雷达测量和第一次连续的现场测量。描述了这些云测量的结果及其与气溶胶的关系。
Aerosols and clouds play important roles in the Arctic climate. Conversely, aerosol emissions and cloud formation are affected by changes in the Arctic climate. This paper reviews studies of aerosols and clouds performed during the Arctic Challenge for Sustainability (ArCS) project carried out by the National Institute of Polar Research (NIPR) in Japan and collaborating institutions. The ArCS project included intensive studies of black carbon aerosols (BC). We installed Continuous Soot Monitoring System (COSMOS) instruments to measure atmospheric BC at four locations in the Arctic, establishing the Arctic BC COSMOS Measurement Network (ABCM-net). We also measured BC concentrations in snowpack in extensive areas of the Arctic and showed that previous studies have greatly overestimated BC in snowpack. We developed and improved new aerosol models that achieved better agreements with measurements of BC in the Arctic atmosphere, snowpack, and falling snow. We made new estimates of radiative forcing of BC in the Arctic atmosphere and snow/ice surfaces that lower their albedo. In addition to these researches on BC, we made accurate measurements of ice nucleating particles (INPs) at Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, showing that their concentrations increased in summer as a result of dust particle emissions from glacial outwash sediments. This high ice nucleating ability was likely due to the presence of organic substances mixed with the dust particles. We also made continuous cloud radar measurements and the first continuous in-situ measurements of cloud microphysical properties in the Arctic at Ny-Ålesund. Results from these cloud measurements and their relationship with aerosols are described.