Emissions vs exposure: Increasing injustice from road traffic-related air pollution in the United Kingdom
Emissions vs exposure: Increasing injustice from road traffic-related air pollution in the United Kingdom
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.trd.2019.05.012
复制
发表时间：
2019-08-01
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Longhurst, James W. S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Barnes, Joanna H.;Chatterton, Tim J.;Longhurst, James W. S.
这篇论文提供了独特的空间分析，确定了社会经济和人口群体在交通相关排放产生和暴露方面的显著差异。它展示了一个令人信服的环境和社会不公正的叙述，对英国和其他地区具有强烈的政策含义。首先，这项研究展示了米切尔和多林2003年对英国环境正义的分析的十年更新。使用2011年英国政府污染和排放数据和2011年英国人口普查基于小区域人口普查地理位置的社会经济和人口数据，本文证明了年龄、贫困、道路NOx排放和接触NO2浓度之间存在更强的关系。五岁以下儿童和年轻人比例最高的地区，以及较贫穷的家庭，与交通相关的污染浓度最高。此外，独家获取英国年度车辆安全检查记录(MOT)允许每年私家车的NOx排放在空间上归因于注册管理员。根据基于人口普查的社会经济特征进行的区域分析发现，最贫穷地区的家庭排放的NOx和PM最少，而最不贫穷的地区通过拥有更多的汽车保有量、拥有更多的柴油车和开得更远，每户家庭每公里排放的机动车最多。最后，分析表明，尽管实施了十多年的空气质量政策，但空气污染暴露的环境不公已经恶化。关于道路交通废气产生责任的新证据为政策制定和有针对性的执行提供了明确的重点。
This paper presents unique spatial analyses identifying substantial discrepancies in traffic-related emissions generation and exposure by socioeconomic and demographic groups. It demonstrates a compelling environmental and social injustice narrative with strong policy implications for the UK and beyond.In the first instance, this research presents a decadal update for England and Wales to Mitchell and Dorling's 2003 analysis of environmental justice in the UK. Using 2011 UK Government pollution and emissions data with 2011 UK Census socioeconomic and demographic data based on small area census geographies, this paper demonstrates a stronger relationship between age, poverty, road NOx emissions and exposure to NO2 concentrations. Areas with the highest proportions of under-fives and young adults, and poorer households, have the highest concentrations of traffic-related pollution.In addition, exclusive access to UK annual vehicle safety inspection records ('MOT' tests) allowed annual private vehicle NOx emissions to be spatially attributed to registered keepers. Areal analysis against Census-based socioeconomic characteristics identified that households in the poorest areas emit the least NOx and PM, whilst the least poor areas emitted the highest, per km, vehicle emissions per household through having higher vehicle ownership, owning more diesel vehicles and driving further.In conclusion, the analysis indicates that, despite more than a decade of air quality policy, environmental injustice of air pollution exposure has worsened. New evidence regarding the responsibility for generation of road traffic emissions provides a clear focus for policy development and targeted implementation.