Dark scene elements strongly influence cuttlefish camouflage responses in visually cluttered environments
Dark scene elements strongly influence cuttlefish camouflage responses in visually cluttered environments
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DOI：
10.1016/j.visres.2018.06.003
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发表时间：
2018-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Hanlon, R. T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chubb, C.;Chiao, C. -C.;Hanlon, R. T.
本研究探讨乌贼（乌贼）伪装模式的影响，不同的灰度比例存在于视觉杂乱的环境。所有实验基板包括空间随机阵列的纹理元素（纹素）的五个灰度级：黑色，深灰色，灰色，浅灰色，和白色。实验1中的基板是在不同条件下超过4种尺寸变化的密集排列的正方形纹素阵列。实验2使用的基板中的纹素是磁盘上分离的均匀的背景是黑色，灰色或白色在不同的条件。在一定的条件下，不同基材的纹素灰度直方图是不同的。对于16个墨鱼模式响应统计量c中的每一个，所得到的数据被用于确定不同灰度的比例的变化影响c的强度。主要发现是比平均值更暗的纹素（即，负对比度极性的纹素）在杂乱基底的背景下控制乌贼图案响应中占主导地位。在实验1中，例如，所有四个纹理尺寸的基板，激活乌贼“白色正方形”和“白色头条”（两个高度突出的皮肤组件）的黑色和深灰色（但不是灰色，浅灰色，或白色）纹理的比例的变化强烈影响。据推测，在高方差的视觉输入特性的杂乱的基板在乌贼的自然栖息地的背景下，负对比极性的元素可靠地信号的存在下产生的边缘重叠的对象，在存在的破坏性的图案响应很可能实现有效的伪装。
This study investigated how cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) camouflage patterns are influenced by the proportions of different gray-scales present in visually cluttered environments. All experimental substrates comprised spatially random arrays of texture elements (texels) of five gray-scales: Black, Dark gray, Gray, Light gray, and White. The substrates in Experiment 1 were densely packed arrays of square texels that varied over 4 sizes in different conditions. Experiment 2 used substrates in which texels were disks separated on a homogeneous background that was Black, Gray or White in different conditions. In a given condition, the histogram of texel gray-scales was varied across different substrates. For each of 16 cuttlefish pattern response statistics c, the resulting data were used to determine the strength with which variations in the proportions of different gray-scales influenced c. The main finding is that darker-than-average texels (i.e., texels of negative contrast polarity) predominate in controlling cuttlefish pattern responses in the context of cluttered substrates. In Experiment 1, for example, substrates of all four texel-sizes, activation of the cuttlefish "white square" and "white head bar" (two highly salient skin components) is strongly influenced by variations in the proportions of Black and Dark gray (but not Gray, Light gray, or White) texels. It is hypothesized that in the context of high-variance visual input characteristic of cluttered substrates in the cuttlefish natural habitat, elements of negative contrast polarity reliably signal the presence of edges produced by overlapping objects, in the presence of which disruptive pattern responses are likely to achieve effective camouflage.