New Species Described From Photographs: Yes? No? Sometimes? A Fierce Debate and a New Declaration of the ICZN
New Species Described From Photographs: Yes? No? Sometimes? A Fierce Debate and a New Declaration of the ICZN
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DOI：
10.1093/isd/ixx004
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发表时间：
2017-10
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
F. Krell;S. Marshall
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
F. Krell;S. Marshall
翻译后摘要描述新的分类群使用照片作为代理丢失或逃脱（“未保存”）模式标本的选择已经很少使用，但现在正在重新审查的分类学家越来越多地配备捕捉描述性信息之前捕捉和保存模式标本。在这里，我们提供了一个历史的角度来看，这种做法从命名和实践的角度来看，最终在一个总结和讨论的一个新的国际动物命名委员会的宣言，其中包括建议的描述没有保存标本。我们的结论是，虽然使用照片作为代理类型的描述是符合规范的，偶尔有理由，在这种情况下，这种描述是合理的可能仍然相对罕见。越来越多的限制标本采集，我们痛惜，因为收集和收集的中心，所有的生物多样性科学，可能会导致更多的“代理类型”的描述，在这些类群中，照片可以提供足够的信息描述，但我们预测，这种情况下将仍然是罕见的例外。
Abstract The option of describing new taxa using photographs as proxies for lost or escaped (‘unpreserved’) type specimens has been rarely used but is now undergoing renewed scrutiny as taxonomists are increasingly equipped to capture descriptive information prior to capturing and preserving type specimens. We here provide a historical perspective on this practice from both nomenclatural and practical points of view, culminating in a summary and discussion of a new Declaration of the International Commission of Zoological Nomenclature containing recommendations about descriptions without preserved specimens. We conclude that although descriptions using photographs as proxy types are Code-compliant and occasionally justified, the conditions under which such descriptions are justified are likely to remain relatively rare. Increasing restrictions on specimen collecting, which we deplore because of the centrality of collecting and collections to all of biodiversity science, could lead to more ‘proxy type’ descriptions in those taxa in which photographs can provide sufficient information for descriptions, but we predict that such cases will remain infrequent exceptions.