Environmental footprint of cooking fuels: a life cycle assessment of ten fuel sources used in Indian households
Environmental footprint of cooking fuels: a life cycle assessment of ten fuel sources used in Indian households
复制标题
烹饪燃料的环境足迹：印度家庭使用的十种燃料来源的生命周期评估
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
M. Stucki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Punamdeep Singh;H. Gundimeda;M. Stucki
目的烹饪能源是任何人类住所的基本要求。随着最近石油价格的飙升，加上国际石油市场的内在波动，印度等国今后是否继续对液化石油气和煤油提供补贴，正迅速成为一个政治、社会和经济困境。本文的目的是评估和比较各种烹饪燃料的选择，即液化石油气（NG），液化石油气（CO），煤油，煤，电，木柴，作物残渣，粪饼，木炭，沼气，在印度的环境性能。本研究的目的是找到环境合适的替代液化石油气和煤油的农村和城市areas of the country.MethodsThe study assessed the cooking fuel performance on 13 ReCiPe environmental impact categories using the life cycle assessment methodology.该研究为每种燃料的系统边界建模的基础上，印度的情况下，并准备了一个详细的生命周期清单，为每种烹饪燃料采取1吉焦的热能转移到烹饪锅作为functional unit.Results and discussionThe烹饪燃料的生命周期环境影响最低的沼气其次是液化石油气，煤油和木炭。在大多数环境影响类别中，使用液化石油气的环境影响比煤油低约15%至18%。由天然气衍生的LPG比由原油衍生的LPG对环境的影响低约20%至30%。煤和粪饼对环境的影响最大，因为它们分别对气候变化和颗粒物的形成有重大影响。从可再生木材供应产生的木炭比煤油在大多数的影响类别，除了光化学氧化，其贡献是19倍高于kerosine.ConclusionsBiogas和木炭可以被视为潜在的可持续烹饪燃料的选择在印度的背景下，因为它们的环境效益和其他相关的共同利益，如土地耕作，当地的就业机会，和技能发展。该研究得出的结论是，在研究中选择的家庭烹饪燃料中，农村地区的煤油、沼气和木炭以及城市地区的液化石油气、煤油和沼气的环境足迹较低。
PurposeCooking energy is an essential requirement of any human dwelling. With the recent upsurge in petroleum prices coupled with intrinsic volatility of international oil markets, it is fast turning into a politico-socio-economic dilemma for countries like India to sustain future subsidies on liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and kerosene. The aim of this paper is to evaluate and compare the environmental performance of various cooking fuel options, namely LPG (NG), LPG (CO), kerosene, coal, electricity, firewood, crop residue, dung cake, charcoal, and biogas, in the Indian context. The purpose of this study is to find environmentally suitable alternatives to LPG and kerosene for rural and urban areas of the country.MethodsThe study assessed the cooking fuel performance on 13 ReCiPe environmental impact categories using the life cycle assessment methodology. The study modeled the system boundary for each fuel based on the Indian scenario and prepared a detailed life cycle inventory for each cooking fuel taking 1 GJ of heat energy transferred to cooking pot as the functional unit.Results and discussionThe cooking fuels with the lowest life cycle environmental impacts are biogas followed by LPG, kerosene, and charcoal. The environmental impacts of using LPG are about 15 to 18 % lower than kerosene for most environmental impact categories. LPG derived from natural gas has about 20 to 30 % lower environmental impact than LPG derived from crude oil. Coal and dung cake have the highest environmental impacts because of significant contributions to climate change and particulate formation, respectively. Charcoal produced from renewable wood supply performs better than kerosene on most impact categories except photochemical oxidation, where its contribution is 19 times higher than kerosene.ConclusionsBiogas and charcoal can be viewed as potentially sustainable cooking fuel options in the Indian context because of their environmental benefits and other associated co-benefits such as land farming, local employment opportunities, and skill development. The study concluded that kerosene, biogas, and charcoal for rural areas and LPG, kerosene, and biogas for urban areas have the lower environmental footprint among the chosen household cooking fuels in the study.