Conservation and management of forest fungi in the Pacific Northwestern United States: an integrated ecosystem approach.
Conservation and management of forest fungi in the Pacific Northwestern United States: an integrated ecosystem approach.
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美国西北太平洋地区森林真菌的保护和管理：综合生态系统方法。
DOI：
10.1017/cbo9780511565168.004
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发表时间：
2001
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
M. Castellano
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Molina;D. Pilz;Jane E. Smith;S. Dunham;T. Dreisbach;T. O'dell;M. Castellano
美国太平洋西北地区的广阔森林，由俄勒冈州、华盛顿州和爱达荷州组成，以其丰富多样的大型真菌而闻名。森林以松科乔木为主，有冷杉属、落叶松属、云杉属、松属、杉木属等约20种。担子菌门、子囊菌门和少数接合菌门的真菌都能形成外生菌根。其他外生菌根属包括Alnus、Arbutus、Arctostaphylos、Castinopsis、Corylus、Lithocarpus、Populus、Quercus和Salix，通常生长在林下或早期演替树木中。外生菌根真菌数数千；多达2000种与Douglas-fir （pseudosuga menziesii）等广泛分布的优势树相关（Trappe, 1977）。太平洋西北地区还包含不同土壤类型的各种生态区，从极度潮湿的沿海森林到干旱的内陆森林，发现于海拔从海平面到木材线2000至3000米的高度。居住在陡峭的环境和物理梯度上的多种外生菌根寄主树木的组合产生了可能是任何温带森林地区最丰富的森林真菌。当大量的外生菌根种类加入到腐坏和致病真菌的多样化阵列中时，大型真菌的整体多样性变得真正令人震惊。与森林真菌养护和管理有关的问题
The vast forests of the Pacific Northwest region of the United States, an area outlined by the states of Oregon, Washington, and Idaho, are well known for their rich diversity of macrofungi. The forests are dominated by trees in the Pinaceae with about 20 species in the genera Abies, Larix, Picea, Pinus, Pseudotsuga, and Tsuga. All form ectomycorrhizas with fungi in the Basidiomycota, Ascomycota, and a few Zygomycota. Other ectomycorrhizal genera include Alnus, Arbutus, Arctostaphylos, Castinopsis, Corylus, Lithocarpus, Populus, Quercus, and Salix, often occurring as understorey or early-successional trees. Ectomycorrhizal fungi number in the thousands; as many as 2000 species associate with widespread dominant trees such as Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) (Trappe, 1977). The Pacific Northwest region also contains various ecozones on diverse soil types that range from extremely wet coastal forests to xeric interior forests, found at elevations from sea level to timber line at 2000 to 3000 metres. The combination of diverse ectomycorrhizal host trees inhabiting steep environmental and physical gradients has yielded perhaps the richest forest mycota of any temperate forest zone. When the large number of ectomycorrhizal species is added to the diverse array of saprotrophic and pathogenic fungi, the overall diversity of macrofungi becomes truly staggering. Issues relating to conservation and management of forest fungi in the