The intestinal microbiome in early life: health and disease.
The intestinal microbiome in early life: health and disease.
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DOI：
10.3389/fimmu.2014.00427
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
7.3
通讯作者：
Finlay B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Arrieta MC;Stiemsma LT;Amenyogbe N;Brown EM;Finlay B
人类微生物定植从出生时就开始，并在大约 3 年的时间里继续发展和调节物种丰度，直到微生物群变得像成人一样。在同一时期，儿童经历显着的发育变化，影响他们的健康状况以及免疫系统。越来越多的文章将多种疾病与生命早期肠道微生物群失衡（也称为肠道微生物失调）联系起来。生命早期的生态失调是否先于疾病发病机制并在疾病发病机制中发挥作用，或者仅仅是源于疾病过程本身，这是一些疾病（包括炎症性肠病、肥胖和哮喘）开始得到解答的问题。这篇综述描述了生命形成期最初几年的肠道微生物组结构和功能，以及决定其组成的环境因素。它还旨在讨论了解早期肠道微生物群在免疫介导、代谢和神经系统疾病发展中的作用的最新进展。更好地了解生命早期肠道微生物群如何影响我们的免疫发育，可能会带来针对早期疾病预防的新型微生物衍生疗法。
Human microbial colonization begins at birth and continues to develop and modulate in species abundance for about 3 years, until the microbiota becomes adult-like. During the same time period, children experience significant developmental changes that influence their health status as well as their immune system. An ever-expanding number of articles associate several diseases with early-life imbalances of the gut microbiota, also referred to as gut microbial dysbiosis. Whether early-life dysbiosis precedes and plays a role in disease pathogenesis, or simply originates from the disease process itself is a question that is beginning to be answered in a few diseases, including IBD, obesity, and asthma. This review describes the gut microbiome structure and function during the formative first years of life, as well as the environmental factors that determine its composition. It also aims to discuss the recent advances in understanding the role of the early-life gut microbiota in the development of immune-mediated, metabolic, and neurological diseases. A greater understanding of how the early-life gut microbiota impacts our immune development could potentially lead to novel microbial-derived therapies that target disease prevention at an early age.