Phylogenetic structure in tropical hummingbird communities
Phylogenetic structure in tropical hummingbird communities
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0901649106
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发表时间：
2009-11-17
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
McGuire, Jimmy A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Graham, Catherine H.;Parra, Juan L.;McGuire, Jimmy A.
生物相互作用、当前和历史环境以及生物地理障碍如何决定群落结构是生态学和进化中的一个基本问题，特别是在不同的热带地区。为了评估当地和区域多样性的模式，我们量化了厄瓜多尔 189 个蜂鸟群落的系统发育组成。我们评估了物种和系统发育组成如何沿着环境梯度和跨越生物地理障碍发生变化。我们发现潮湿、低海拔的群落在系统发育上是过度分散的（远亲共存），这种模式与竞争影响蜂鸟当地组成的观点是一致的。在较高海拔地区，群落在系统发育上聚集（近亲共存），这与环境过滤的预期一致，这可能是由于在高海拔地区维持昂贵的运动方式所面临的挑战所致。我们发现，安第斯山脉两侧低地的群落尽管在物种组成上存在巨大差异，但在系统发育上往往相似，这种模式表明安第斯山脉是一个重要的扩散障碍。相比之下，沿着低地和安第斯山脉之间陡峭的环境梯度，我们发现证据表明物种更替是由相对较远的相关物种组成的。跨环境梯度和生物地理障碍的地方和区域多样性模式的整合提供了对世界上物种最丰富、最复杂的地区之一形成群落组成和系统发育多样性的潜在潜在机制的洞察。
How biotic interactions, current and historical environment, and biogeographic barriers determine community structure is a fundamental question in ecology and evolution, especially in diverse tropical regions. To evaluate patterns of local and regional diversity, we quantified the phylogenetic composition of 189 hummingbird communities in Ecuador. We assessed how species and phylogenetic composition changed along environmental gradients and across biogeographic barriers. We show that humid, low-elevation communities are phylogenetically overdispersed (coexistence of distant relatives), a pattern that is consistent with the idea that competition influences the local composition of hummingbirds. At higher elevations communities are phylogenetically clustered (coexistence of close relatives), consistent with the expectation of environmental filtering, which may result from the challenge of sustaining an expensive means of locomotion at high elevations. We found that communities in the lowlands on opposite sides of the Andes tend to be phylogenetically similar despite their large differences in species composition, a pattern implicating the Andes as an important dispersal barrier. In contrast, along the steep environmental gradient between the lowlands and the Andes we found evidence that species turnover is comprised of relatively distantly related species. The integration of local and regional patterns of diversity across environmental gradients and biogeographic barriers provides insight into the potential underlying mechanisms that have shaped community composition and phylogenetic diversity in one of the most species-rich, complex regions of the world.