Dispossession and disenchantment: The micropolitics of marine conservation in southeastern Tanzania
Dispossession and disenchantment: The micropolitics of marine conservation in southeastern Tanzania
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剥夺与祛魅：坦桑尼亚东南部海洋保护的微观政治
DOI：
10.1016/j.marpol.2017.12.002
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
V. Kamat
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
V. Kamat
海洋生物多样性保护的倡导者强烈呼吁在全球范围内迅速扩大海洋保护区（MPA），而研究人员则继续研究为什么受影响社区中的一些人支持海洋保护区而另一些人反对。本文借鉴坦桑尼亚东南部的剥夺和海洋保护微观政治的民族志研究，研究了坦桑尼亚与莫桑比克边境姆特瓦拉农村地区姆纳齐湾-鲁伍马河口海洋公园 (MBREMP) 的当地动态。在四个临海村庄对 160 人进行了深度访谈，并与 48 名参与者进行了 8 次焦点小组讨论。通过分析居住在 MBREMP 流域内的人们关于 MBREMP 生活经历的叙述，本文强调了村庄间和村庄内在 MBREMP 的感知意义和社会影响方面的相似性和差异。通过叙述，人们表达了他们的焦虑、失权和脆弱的感受，这些感受源于他们对自己所经历的国家主导的剥夺的认识。 MBREMP 的性别影响是显而易见的，因为女性经常指责公园管理员通过不合理和强制性的限制措施使她们的生活变得困难。该文件认为，为了实现海洋生物多样性保护这一值得称赞的全球目标，必须以人种学的方式记录当地环境、生计问题、性别关系、社会等级制度和居民不同观点的社会复杂性，并将其纳入导致海洋保护区良好治理实践的政策中。
Advocates of marine biodiversity conservation have intensified their calls for the rapid expansion of marine protected areas (MPAs) across the globe, while researchers continue to examine why some people in affected communities support MPAs and others oppose them. Drawing on an ethnographic study of dispossession and the micropolitics of marine conservation in southeastern Tanzania, this paper examines the local dynamics pertaining to the Mnazi Bay-Ruvuma Estuary Marine Park (MBREMP) in rural Mtwara on Tanzania's border with Mozambique. In-depth interviews with 160 individuals and eight focus group discussions with 48 participants were conducted in four sea-bordering villages. By analyzing the narratives of people living in the MBREMP's catchment area regarding their lived experiences with the MBREMP, the paper highlights inter-village and intra-village similarities and differences in the perceived significance and social impact of the MBREMP. Through narratives, people revealed their feelings of angst, disempowerment and vulnerability, emanating from their awareness of the state-directed dispossession they had experienced. The MBREMP's gendered impact was evident as women frequently blamed the park rangers for making their lives difficult through unreasonable and coercive restrictive practices. The paper argues that to achieve the laudable global goals of marine biodiversity conservation, it is imperative that the social complexities of the local context, livelihood concerns, gender relations, social hierarchies and the diverse perspectives of residents are ethnographically documented and integrated into policies leading to the practice of good governance of MPAs.