Different cognitive processes underlie human mate choices and mate preferences
Different cognitive processes underlie human mate choices and mate preferences
复制标题
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0705290104
复制
发表时间：
2007-09-18
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Lenton, Alison P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Todd, Peter M.;Penke, Lars;Lenton, Alison P.
基于大学生对各种特征的配偶偏好的自我报告以及他们自己对这些特征的自我感知，Buston和Emlen [Buston PM，Emlen ST（2003）Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100：8805-8810]得出结论，现代人类的配偶选择并不反映进化理论的权衡预测，而是遵循“喜欢吸引”模式，其中人们选择符合他们自我感知的配偶。然而，报告的偏好不一定与实际的配偶选择相对应，从进化的角度来看，这更相关。在一项对46名参加快速约会活动的成年人的研究中，我们在很大程度上能够复制Buston和Emlen在活动前问卷中的自我报告结果，但我们发现，陈述的偏好并不能预测快速约会期间的实际选择。相反，男性选择女性是基于她们的身体吸引力，而女性通常比男性更具鉴别力，选择那些作为伴侣的整体可取性与女性自我感知的身体吸引力相匹配的男性。与Buston和Emlen从自我报告中推断出的认知过程不同，这种来自实际配偶选择的结果模式非常符合父母投资理论的进化预测。
Based on undergraduates' self-reports of mate preferences for various traits and self-perceptions of their own levels on those traits, Buston and Emlen [Buston PM, Emlen ST (2003) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100:8805-8810] concluded that modern human mate choices do not reflect predictions of tradeoffs from evolutionary theory but instead follow a "likes-attract" pattern, where people choose mates who match their self-perceptions. However, reported preferences need not correspond to actual mate choices, which are more relevant from an evolutionary perspective. In a study of 46 adults participating in a speed-dating event, we were largely able to replicate Buston and Emlen's self-report results in a pre-event questionnaire, but we found that the stated preferences did not predict actual choices made during the speed-dates. Instead, men chose women based on their physical attractiveness, whereas women, who were generally much more discriminating than men, chose men whose overall desirability as a mate matched the women's self-perceived physical attractiveness. Unlike the cognitive processes that Buston and Emlen inferred from self-reports, this pattern of results from actual mate choices is very much in line with the evolutionary predictions of parental investment theory.