The Con
The Con
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DOI：
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发表时间：
2014
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通讯作者：
Aliza Shvarts
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作者：
Aliza Shvarts
骗局，或者说信心游戏，会描绘出一个不会实现的未来。正如社会学家欧文·戈夫曼（Erving Goffman）在《冷却标记：适应失败的一些方面》（1952）中所描述的那样，一场骗局涉及多个角色的三角互动：骗子或操作者，他们制定计划；骗子或目标，谁是骗局的受害者；最重要的是，冷却器，他确保标记不会去报警或采取其他类型的报复，并且骗局 - 行为的再现性以及该人的未来 - 取决于他。冷却器通过提供基本的“接受损失的哲学指导”来冷却。但与此同时，正如戈夫曼所坚持的那样，“冷却标记是一个非常基本的社会故事的主题之一。”从预期晋升被拒绝的工人，到求婚被拒绝的情人，到被告知无法治愈的病人，到意识到无法挽回的士兵，有无数的例子需要冷却痕迹：曾经相信某件事的人必须适应这种信念的不可能性。
A con, or confidence game, formulates a future that will not come to bear. As the sociologist Erving Goffman describes in “On Cooling the Mark Out: Some Aspects of Adaptation to Failure” (1952), a con involves the triangulated interaction of several roles: the con artist or operator, who sets the plan in motion; the sucker or mark, who is the con’s victim; and, most importantly, the cooler, who ensures that the mark not go to the police or take other types of vengeance, and upon whom the con — the reproducibility of the act, as well as the future of the man — depends. The cooler cools by providing the mark basic “instruction in the philosophy of taking a loss.” Yet at the same time, as Goffman insists, “cooling the mark out is one theme on a very basic social story.” From the worker whose expected promotion was denied, to the lover whose marriage proposal was refused, to the patient who has been told there is no cure, to the soldier who realizes there is no return, there are endless instances in which marks must be cooled: in which people who once believed something must be adjusted to the impossibility of that belief.