On considering alcohol as a risk factor in specific diseases.
On considering alcohol as a risk factor in specific diseases.
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将酒精视为特定疾病的危险因素。
DOI：
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112565
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发表时间：
1978
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
G. S. Mills
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Brody;G. S. Mills
人们普遍认为过量饮酒有害健康。因此，Sundby在他1967年的专著《酒精中毒与死亡率》（Alcoholism and Mortality，1）中惊讶地发现，酒精中毒对一般发病率和死亡率的影响是”被忽视的流行病学问题的一个例子。事实上，他的第一印象是，他”在酒精研究中发现了一个白色点“。“现在看来，我们正处于从”白色点”到灰色区域的过渡时期。虽然人们对酒精的有害影响有着普遍的共识，但各种来源的数据对回答几个重要问题没有帮助。这些包括多少酒精对哪些人群有害，以及对哪些疾病有害。后一点引出了我们希望探讨的主题。目前的想法虽然接受了简单原因的概念，但现在包括导致重大疾病的风险因素的概念。因此，虽然吸烟可能与肺气肿和肺癌有因果关系，但其最重要的健康影响是增加患心血管疾病的风险。同样，虽然肝硬化与饮酒有因果关系，但这种情况仅占与酒精相关的总体发病率和死亡率的一小部分。我们认为，缺乏定量信息来评估酒精对健康的影响。
It is widely held that too much alcohol is bad for the health. Thus, Sundby, in his1967 monograph, Alcoholism and Mortality (1), was surprised to find that the influence of alcoholism on general morbidity and mortality was" an example of neglected epidemiological problems." Indeed his first impression was that he had" hit upon a white spot in alcohol research." It appears now that we are in a transition from a" white spot" to a gray area. While there is a general concensus concerning the deleterious effects of alcohol, data from various sources have not been useful in answering several important questions. These include how much alcohol is harmful for which populations, and for which diseases. The latter point leads to the theme we wish to develop. Current thinking, while accepting the idea of simple cause, now encompasses the concept of risk factors which contribute to major diseases. Thus, while smoking is probably causally related to emphysema and lung cancer, its most important health effect is to increase the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. Similarly, while cirrhosis is causally related to alcohol consumption, this condition accounts for only a small portion of the overall morbidity and mortality associated with alcohol. We believe that quantitative information is lacking to assess the impact which alcohol