How long do anti-predator interventions remain effective? Patterns, thresholds and uncertainty
How long do anti-predator interventions remain effective? Patterns, thresholds and uncertainty
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DOI：
10.1098/rsos.190826
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发表时间：
2019-09-04
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Waltert, Matthias
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Khorozyan, Igor;Waltert, Matthias
人类与掠食者的冲突在全球范围内普遍存在，有效的干预措施对于保护人类资产免受掠食者的攻击至关重要。由于有效性也具有时间维度，因此了解干预措施保持最有效的时间并确定有效性开始下降的时间阈值非常重要。为了解决这个问题，我们对针对陆地哺乳动物捕食者的非侵入性干预措施有效性的时间变化进行了系统回顾，为每个已发表的案例定义了有效性的时间趋势线。我们从 14 份出版物中仅发现 26 起案例，主要涉及电围栏（n = 7 起）和威慑物（n = 7 起）。我们发现电围栏和产犊控制在最长的时间内保持高效，在三个月到三年的时间内将损害减少 100%。一到五个月后，声光威慑以及保护动物的效果很快就会消失。人们发现，补充喂养会适得其反，随着时间的推移，损害会增加而不是减少。我们强调，将监测作为所有干预应用的常规要求至关重要，并建议标准化监测可以产生有意义且负担得起的信息的时间段。
Human-predator conflicts are globally widespread, and effective interventions are essential to protect human assets from predator attacks. As effectiveness also has a temporal dimension, it is of importance to know how long interventions remain most effective and to determine time thresholds at which effectiveness begins to decrease. To address this, we conducted a systematic review of the temporal changes in the effectiveness of non-invasive interventions against terrestrial mammalian predators, defining a temporal trend line of effectiveness for each published case. We found only 26 cases from 14 publications, mainly referring to electric fences (n = 7 cases) and deterrents (n = 7 cases). We found electric fences and calving control to remain highly effective for the longest time, reducing damage by 100% for periods between three months and 3 years. The effectiveness of acoustical and light deterrents as well as guarding animals eroded quite fast after one to five months. Supplemental feeding was found to be counter-productive by increasing damage over time instead of reducing it. We stress that it is vital to make monitoring a routine requirement for all intervention applications and suggest to standardize periods of time over which monitoring can produce meaningful and affordable information.