Thermoneutrality and Immunity: How Does Cold Stress Affect Disease?
Thermoneutrality and Immunity: How Does Cold Stress Affect Disease?
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DOI：
10.3389/fimmu.2020.588387
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
7.3
通讯作者：
Olivier M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Vialard F;Olivier M
科学界今天面临的主要挑战之一是缺乏用于人类健康应用的小鼠试验产生的转化数据。实验室啮齿类动物的舍温依赖性慢性冷应激是导致可译性缺乏的关键因素之一，因为它揭示了人类和啮齿类动物之间的主要代谢差异。虽然人类倾向于在其热中性区的温度下工作，但大多数实验室啮齿动物被安置在低于该区域的温度下，并且具有增加的能量需求来产生热量。这对小鼠的免疫系统有影响，从而影响使用人类疾病的鼠模型获得的结果。数量有限的研究和综述表明，在热中性条件下饲养的小鼠获得的结果与在传统饲养条件下饲养的小鼠获得的结果不同。这些研究中的大多数集中在肥胖和癌症上，发现在热中性条件下饲养小鼠分别对疾病的结果产生了负面和正面的影响。在这篇综述中，我们描述了热中性如何影响啮齿动物的免疫系统一般和不同的疾病模型的背景下。我们发现，热中性会加剧心血管和自身免疫疾病;加重哮喘和阿尔茨海默病;并改变肠道微生物群落。我们还表明，热中性可以加剧或减轻感染性疾病的结果的影响。因此，我们加入了该领域其他人的呼吁，敦促研究人员完善疾病的小鼠模型，并通过考虑在涉及啮齿动物的试验中在热中性条件下饲养来提高其翻译能力。
One of the major challenges the scientific community faces today is the lack of translational data generated from mouse trials for human health application. Housing temperature-dependent chronic cold stress in laboratory rodents is one of the key factors contributing to lack of translatability because it reveals major metabolic differences between humans and rodents. While humans tend to operate at temperatures within their thermoneutral zone, most laboratory rodents are housed at temperatures below this zone and have an increased energy demand to generate heat. This has an impact on the immune system of mice and thus affects results obtained using murine models of human diseases. A limited number of studies and reviews have shown that results obtained on mice housed at thermoneutrality were different from those obtained from mice housed in traditional housing conditions. Most of those studies, focused on obesity and cancer, found that housing mice at thermoneutrality changed the outcomes of the diseases negatively and positively, respectively. In this review, we describe how thermoneutrality impacts the immune system of rodents generally and in the context of different disease models. We show that thermoneutrality exacerbates cardiovascular and auto-immune diseases; alleviates asthma and Alzheimer’s disease; and, changes gut microbiome populations. We also show that thermoneutrality can have exacerbating or alleviating effects on the outcome of infectious diseases. Thus, we join the call of others in this field to urge researchers to refine murine models of disease and increase their translational capacity by considering housing at thermoneutrality for trials involving rodents.