Self-efficacy expectations with regard to different tasks in smoking cessation
Self-efficacy expectations with regard to different tasks in smoking cessation
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DOI：
10.1080/08870440008402009
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发表时间：
2000-01-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
de Vries, H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dijkstra, A;de Vries, H
自我效能期望是戒烟的重要心理决定因素。本研究旨在探讨不同类型的自我效能感。自我效能感量表包括：情绪自我效能感、社会自我效能感、技能自我效能感、复发自我效能感和尝试自我效能感。在752名戒烟动机低的吸烟者的样本中，进行了两次自我效能的自我报告测量。本研究首先探讨自我效能感的潜在来源-戒烟史和吸烟行为与自我效能感类型的关系。自我效能得分的解释方差范围为4.4%至23.1%，在所有五种类型的自我效能中，吸烟行为比戒烟史解释了更高比例的自我效能。过去尝试戒烟的次数只与复发自我效能有关。其次，我们调查了T1时不同类型的自我效能感在多大程度上预测了T2时测量的戒烟行为。结果表明，只有技能自我效能感是预测戒烟活动之间的T1和T2。技能自我效能感和复发自我效能感对T2时点戒烟率有预测作用。然而，后一种类型的自我效能感是戒烟的负预测因子。不同类型的自我效能感可以映射到两个维度上：在问卷项目中指定完成某项任务的手段的程度;以及与自我效能感任务相关的行为改变阶段。根据预测效度的研究结果，得出的结论是，越明确的手段来完成任务，更有效的自我效能判断。
Self-efficacy expectations are important psychological determinants of smoking cessation. The present study aimed at exploring different sorts of self-efficacy. The following self-efficacy scales were composed: Emotional self-efficacy, Social self-efficacy, Skill self-efficacy, Relapse self-efficacy and Try self-efficacy. In a sample of 752 smokers with low motivation to quit, two subsequent self-report measurements of self-efficacy were conducted. Firstly, we investigated to what extent potential sources of self-efficacy - quitting history and smoking behavior were related to the types of self-efficacy. The explained variance in self-efficacy scores ranged from 4.4% to 23.1%, and in all five types of self-efficacy, smoking behaviour explained a higher percentage of self-efficacy than quitting history. The number of past quit attempts was only related to Relapse self-efficacy. Secondly, we investigated to what extent the different types of self-efficacy at T1 were predictive of quitting behavior measured at T2. The results showed that only Skill self-efficacy was predictive of quitting activity between T1 and T2. Point prevalence quitting at T2 was predicted by Skill self-efficacy and Relapse self-efficacy. The latter type of self-efficacy, however, was a negative predictor of quitting. The different types of self-efficacy can be mapped on two dimensions: The extent to which the means to accomplish a certain task are specified in the questionnaire item; and the phase of behavior change to which the self-efficacy tasks are relevant. Based on the findings from the predictive validity, it is concluded that the more clearly the means to accomplish the task are specified, the more valid the self-efficacy judgements are.