SEXUAL COERCION IN ANIMAL SOCIETIES
SEXUAL COERCION IN ANIMAL SOCIETIES
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DOI：
10.1006/anbe.1995.0166
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发表时间：
1995-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
PARKER, GA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
CLUTTONBROCK, TH;PARKER, GA
在许多动物物种中，雄性强迫雌性与它们交配，或者通过身体强迫它们交配，骚扰它们直到它们交配，或者通过惩罚持续拒绝交配。本文的第一部分认为，强迫交配的可能性可能会导致男性和女性之间的军备竞赛，这可能会给两性带来巨大的成本。在第二部分中，它建议性骚扰通常代表一个“消耗战”的性别之间，现有的博弈论模型，可能适用于交配决策的性冲突进行审查。第三部分发展了一个简单的前瞻性模型，在这种情况下，男性可以通过惩罚拒绝交配的女性来提高女性在未来接受他们的进步的概率。当性胁迫对男性的好处很大时，所有三种男性策略都可能发展到对女性造成重大损失的程度。在最后一节，证据表明，女性的行为是适应这些成本最小化进行审查。
In a wide range of animal species, males coerce females to mate with them, either by physically forcing them to mate, by harassing them until they mate or by punishing persistent refusal to mate. The first section of this paper argues that the possibility of forced copulation can generate arms races between males and females that may have substantial costs to both sexes. In the second section, it is suggested that sexual harassment commonly represents a 'war of attrition' between the sexes; existing game theory models that may apply to sexual conflict over mating decisions are reviewed. The third section develops a simple prospective model for the evolution of intimidation by punishment in situations where males can raise the probability that females will accept their advances in future by punishing them for refusal to mate. Where the benefits of sexual coercion to males are high, all three male strategies may develop to a point where they have substantial costs to females. In the final section, evidence that female behaviour is adapted to minimizing these costs is reviewed.