Narrative Form as a “Grammar” of Experience: Native Americans and a Glimpse of English *
Narrative Form as a “Grammar” of Experience: Native Americans and a Glimpse of English *
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叙事形式作为经验的“语法”：美洲原住民和英语一瞥*
DOI：
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发表时间：
1982
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
D. Hymes
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Hymes
本文认为儿童的语言经验很可能包括叙事经验。这种体验可能是专门针对儿童的叙述，也可能是在儿童面前反复讲述的叙述。随着对叙事的更详细的分析变得可用，在其结构中出现了反复出现的线条和诗句模式。在这里分析的两个美洲原住民叙事中，模式在文本的每个层面都得到了遵守。事实上，这种模式是如此普遍，以至于它可能体现了一种隐含的经验逻辑，一种行动的修辞。不同的社会可能在经验组织遵循这些模式的程度上有所不同，也可能在用来标记这些模式的语言手段上有所不同。尽管如此，在美洲原住民文本之外，以这种方式分析模式的少数案例表明，模式可能比预期的更普遍。对叙事模式作为经验组织的进一步研究可能具有教育意义，其中一些已经在这里被推测出来。
This paper suggests that the linguistic experience of children is likely to include experience with narratives. This experience may be with narratives that are specifically addressed to children, or with narratives that are simply told over and over again in the presence of children. As more detailed analyses of narratives become available, recurring patterns of lines and verses emerge in their structure. In two Native American narratives analyzed here, patterns are adhered to at every level of the text. In fact, the patterning is so pervasive that it may embody an implicit logic of experience, a rhetoric of action. Societies may differ in the degree to which the organization of experience follows from these patterns or in the linguistic devices used to mark these patterns. Nevertheless, the few cases outside Native American texts that have been analyzed for patterns in this way indicate that the patterning may be more universal than expected. Further investigation into the area of narrative patterning as an organization of experience may well have educational implications, some of which have been speculated about here.