Outcomes of State- vs. Community-Based Mangrove Management in Southern Thailand
Outcomes of State- vs. Community-Based Mangrove Management in Southern Thailand
复制标题
泰国南部国家红树林管理与社区红树林管理的成果
DOI：
10.5751/es-02531-130227
复制
发表时间：
2008
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
E. Webb
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. Sudtongkong;E. Webb
在泰国，红树林被声称由国家管理，尽管人们普遍认为沿海社区有权获取和管理这些森林。泰国政府内部一直对沿海村庄能否可持续地管理和保护红树林持怀疑态度。这项研究提供了泰国南部董里省两个沿海村庄成功保护和管理红树林的证据。我们利用访谈、讨论、定量森林调查和机构分析等跨学科方法，描述了这两个社区如何获得红树林管理权的历史，以及随后与其管理相关的积极生物学成果。当地村庄制定并维护了明确的森林治理管理机构，因此，社区管理的红树林林分结构优于开放式国有森林。我们认为，社区成功管理这些森林的基础是，这些资源是当地生计所必需的，而且正变得稀缺；社区享有自主决策权，拥有较高的社会资本；森林和用户群体得到明确定义和监控；村庄中有有效的领导，以实施制裁并解决冲突；外部非政府组织提供了大量援助，充当了村庄与政府之间的桥梁。对于保护而言，仅仅了解社区是否可以保护红树林是不够的。我们必须知道为什么社区成功或不成功。因此，保护研究不仅必须考虑群落管理的生物学结果，还要考虑这些结果的根本原因。本文可为今后群落-红树林界面的研究提供指导。
In Thailand, mangrove forests are claimed for state management, although it is widely recognized that coastal communities access and manage those forests. Skepticism persists within Thai government circles about whether coastal villages can sustainably manage and protect mangroves. This research presents evidence of successful mangrove conservation and management by two coastal villages in Trang province, southern Thailand. Using interdisciplinary methods including interviews, discussions, quantitative forest surveys, and institutional analysis, we describe the history of how these two communities gained rights to manage the mangrove forests, and the subsequent positive biological outcomes associated with their management. Local villages have crafted and maintained well-defined governance management institutions over the forest, and as a result, stand structure was superior in community-managed mangrove forests than in the open-access state forest. We argue that the basis for the communities' success in managing these forests was that the resource was necessary to local livelihoods and was becoming scarce; the communities enjoyed autonomous decision making and had a high degree of social capital; the forest and user groups were well defined and monitored; effective leadership was present in the villages to apply sanctions and resolve conflicts; and there was substantial assistance from an external non-governmental organization, which served as a bridge between the villages and the government. For conservation, simply knowing whether communities can conserve mangroves is not sufficient. We must know why the communities are or are not successful. Conservation research must, therefore, consider not only the biological outcomes of community management, but the underlying reasons for those outcomes. This paper can serve as a guideline for future studies on the community-mangrove interface.