High-Resolution Imaging of Ordered Mixed-Layer Clays
High-Resolution Imaging of Ordered Mixed-Layer Clays
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有序混合层粘土的高分辨率成像
DOI：
10.1346/ccmn.1986.0340206
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发表时间：
1986
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
I. Mackinnon
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Klimentidis;I. Mackinnon
高分辨率透射电子显微镜 (HRTEM) 已用于检查曼科斯页岩中的伊利石/蒙皂石；来自阿肯色州加兰县的累托石；来自蒙大拿州银山的伊利石；来自怀俄明州克鲁克县的钠蒙皂石；产自华盛顿州帕克伍德的科伦石；和来自塔斯卡卢萨地层的成岩绿泥石。通过离子铣削、超薄切片机切片和/或在多孔碳基底上进行颗粒分散来制备薄样品。一些含蒙脱石的粘土在插入十二烷基胺盐酸盐（DH）后也进行了检查。事实证明，用 DH 插层蒙脱石是对膨胀蒙脱石 (d (001) = 16 Å) 进行 HRTEM 成像的可靠方法，然后可以将其与未膨胀伊利石 (d (001) = 10 Å) 区分开来。 DH插层累托石和伊利石/蒙皂石基面间距的晶格边缘显示出26-Å的周期性。这些数据支持 X 射线粉末衍射 (XRD) 研究，表明这些样品是伊利石和蒙脱石的有序、层间变种。离子稀释的、未膨胀的斜方铁矿样品显示出含有 10-Å 和 14-Å 基本间距的离散微晶，分别对应于塌陷的蒙皂石和绿泥石。还注意到含有无序绿泥石层和蒙皂石层的区域。含有规则交替的绿土层和绿泥石层的微晶并不常见。这些 Corrensite 的 HRTEM 观察结果并未证实 XRD 数据。对于每个研究的样品，平行于 c 轴的粒径范围很广，许多颗粒的基本尺寸相当于五层以上。对于所有检查的伊利石、蒙脱石和伊利石/蒙脱石颗粒，未观察到基本尺寸约 20 Å 的微晶尺寸。
High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) has been used to examine illite/smectite from the Mancos Shale; rectorite from Garland County, Arkansas; illite from Silver Hill, Montana; Na-smectite from Crook County, Wyoming; corrensite from Packwood, Washington; and diagenetic chlorite from the Tuscaloosa Formation. Thin specimens were prepared by ion milling, ultramicrotome sectioning, and/or grain dispersal on a holey carbon substrate. Some smectite-bearing clays were also examined after intercalation with dodecylamine hydrochloride (DH). Intercalation of smectite with DH proved to be a reliable method for HRTEM imaging of expanded smectite (d (001) = 16 Å) which could then be distinguished from unexpanded illite (d (001) = 10 Å). Lattice fringes of basal spacings of DH-intercalated rectorite and illite/smectite showed a 26-Å periodicity. These data support X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) studies which suggest that these samples are ordered, interstratified varieties of illite and smectite. The ion-thinned, unexpanded corrensite sample showed discrete crystallites containing 10-Å and 14-Å basal spacings corresponding to collapsed smectite and chlorite, respectively. Regions containing disordered layers of chlorite and smectite were also noted. Crystallites containing regular alternations of smectite and chlorite layers were not common. These HRTEM observations of corrensite did not corroborate XRD data. Particle sizes parallel to the c axis ranged widely for each sample studied, and many particles showed basal dimensions equivalent to more than five layers. For all illite, smectite, and illite/ smectite particles examined, crystallite sizes of about 20 Å in the basal dimension were not observed.