Analysis of the effects of frontal lesions in monkey. III. Object alternation.
Analysis of the effects of frontal lesions in monkey. III. Object alternation.
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猴子额叶病变的影响分析。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1956
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Mishkin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
K. Pribram;M. Mishkin
11，本系列早期研究的结果（4，5）表明，前外侧额叶损伤的动物在延迟交替和延迟反应的某些变化上可能达到非常高的表现水平。在延迟反应的一个特别有效的变型中，使用单个居中的杯子：如果物体A已经被呈现为预延迟提示，则训练动物接近杯子以获得食物，并且避免杯子（即，杯子是空的）。在这项任务中，额叶操作的学习成绩与控制组相当。随后的分析，使用其他的变化，表明替代的“对象”线索的“地方”线索在传统的延迟反应作出了更大的贡献，成功的性能的正面操作比替代的“接近-避免”的反应选择传统的“接近左-接近右”的反应选择。结果表明，额叶操作对经典延迟反应问题的损伤不仅是延迟的函数，而且是与前延迟线索有关的变量的函数。本研究的目的是确定是否重要的修改，在这些任务解决的额叶动物可能已经从空间（地点）的变化，以非空间（对象）的刺激。所用的程序是比较正面的操作和他们的控制上的非空间，对象交替。额叶操作者的成功表现将支持传统的前延迟线索的空间方面对于“额叶缺陷”是至关重要的这一概念。“相反，额叶操作在物体之间交替的失败将表明，当定性时，
11, Results from the earlier studies in this series (4, 5) demonstrated that animals with anterolateral frontal lesions may achieve remarkably high levels of performance on certain variations of delayed alternation and delayed response. In one particularly effective variation of delayed response, a single, centered cup was used: the animals were trained to approach the cup to obtain food if Object A had been presented as the predelay cue, and to avoid the cup (i.e., the cup was empty) if Object B had been presented. On this task the learning scores of frontal operates equaled those of controls. Subsequent analysis, using other variations, suggested that the substitution of "object" cues for the "place" cues employed in traditional delayed response had contributed more to the successful performance of the frontal operates than had substitution of an "approach-avoid" response choice for the traditional "approach left-approach right" response choice. The results led to the conclusion that frontal operates' impairment on classical delayed-response-type problems is a function, not only of the delay, but also of some variabl~ related to the predelay cue. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether the important modification in those tasks solved by the frontal animals could have been the change from spatial (place) to nonspatial (object) stimuli. The procedure used was to compare frontal operates and their controls on a nonspatial, object alternation. Successful performance by the frontal operates would support the conception that the spatial aspect of traditional predelay cues is critical for "frontal-lobe deficit." Conversely, failure by the frontal operates to alternate between objects would suggest that impairment on delayed-responsetype problems results when qualitatively