Symposium overview: The use of delayed matching-to-sample procedures in studies of short-term memory in animals and humans
Symposium overview: The use of delayed matching-to-sample procedures in studies of short-term memory in animals and humans
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DOI：
10.1016/s0892-0362(98)00013-0
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发表时间：
1998-09-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Elliott, Rebecca
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Paule, Merle G.;Bushnell, Philip J.;Elliott, Rebecca
提出了适用于人类和非人类受试者的行为范式，用于研究工作/短期记忆的各个方面，以期探索它们在各种实验情景中的优势、劣势和效用。这样的程序在梳理助记过程的特定方面是有用的，包括辨别、编码和保持。重点介绍了延迟匹配到位置、延迟匹配到样品(DMTS)和滴定匹配到样品的程序。此外，还介绍了DMTS任务在临床前和临床环境中的应用：药物对记忆过程的影响可以在动物模型中进行临床前探索；在成人中使用药物对记忆过程的影响已经在人类群体中开发，以探索记忆过程与特定临床实体之间的关系，如帕金森症、阿尔茨海默氏型老年痴呆症、精神分裂症和抑郁症。对儿童的研究表明，编码和保持过程在早年迅速改善，在青春期之前停滞不前。正电子发射断层扫描(PET)等非侵入性成像技术表明，特定脑区的活动与DMTs的任务表现有关，并可能有助于确认这些结构在记忆过程中的作用。
Behavioral paradigms applicable for use in both human and nonhuman subjects for investigating aspects of working/short-term memory are presented with a view towards exploring their strengths, weaknesses, and utility in a variety of experimental situations. Such procedures can be useful in teasing out specific aspects of mnemonic processes including discrimination, encoding, and retention. Delayed matching-to-position, delayed matching-to-sample (DMTS), and titrating matching-to-sample procedures are highlighted. Additionally, the application of DMTS tasks in preclinical and clinical settings is presented: drug effects on memory processes can be explored preclinically in animal models; normative data have been developed in human populations where they have been used in adults to explore the relationships between mnemonic processes and specific clinical entities such as Parkinsonism, senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type, schizophrenia, and depression. Studies in children indicate that encoding and retention processes improve rapidly in the early years, plateauing prior to puberty. Noninvasive imaging techniques such as positron emission tomography (PET) indicate that activity in specific brain areas is associated with DMTS task performance and may serve to confirm roles for such structures in mnemonic processes.