Ecological spillover dynamics of organisms from urban to natural landscapes
Ecological spillover dynamics of organisms from urban to natural landscapes
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生物从城市到自然景观的生态溢出动态
DOI：
10.1093/jue/juy008
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
S. Parker
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. E. Spear;Erik Grijalva;J. Michaels;S. Parker
城市化和人类发展从根本上改变了全球范围内的生态系统动态。保护和管理相对较少的Modifi景观，与高度Modifi景观相邻，需要仔细考虑景观类型之间的相互作用。在已开发的基质中恢复或保护生境通常被认为对景观水平的生态过程具有有利的影响(fi)。我们提出了一个生态溢出框架，以批判性地评估恢复或保护人类莫迪fi景观中的物种种群可能会如何影响邻近的荒地种群。在该框架内，溢出过程被分为七个相互关联的“节点”，它们确定了城市和荒地人口之间可能存在潜在因果关系的点。该框架适用于广泛的项目特定fic生态关系，并可帮助科学家和管理人员识别知识差距，并在保护决策中权衡风险。我们查询了保护文献，以确定专注于城市物种种群对区域荒地种群影响的研究。我们的搜索揭示了可能受到城市到荒地溢出影响的七个生态过程，我们发现明确分析从城市到荒地的溢出效应的研究相对较少。生活在城市地区、位于城市基质中的已恢复或残存的生境或已建成环境中的生物对景观级生态过程的影响在很大程度上是未知的。最后，我们讨论了将这些栖息地与更大的景观层面的生态理解联系起来的研究中的关键差距，并为研究优先事项提供了建议，这些建议可能会阐明21世纪保护规划的这一重要方面。
Urbanization and anthropogenic development have fundamentally altered ecosystem dynamics on a global scale. Conservation and management of comparatively less modified landscapes adjacent to highly modified landscapes requires careful consideration of interactions between landscape types. Restoration or conservation of habitat within a developed matrix is generally thought to have beneficial effects on landscape-level ecological processes. We propose an ecological spillover framework to critically assess how restoring or conserving species populations within anthropogenically modified landscapes may affect adjacent wildland populations. Within the framework, the spillover process is divided into seven interconnected ‘nodes’, which identify points at which potential cause-effect relationships may exist between urban and wildland populations. The framework is useful for a wide range of project-specific ecological relationships, and can help sci-entists and managers identify knowledge gaps and weigh risk in conservation decision-making. We queried the conservation literature to identify research focused on the impacts of urban species populations on regional wildland populations. Our search revealed seven ecological processes that have the potential to be affected by urban to wildland spillover and we found relatively few studies that explicitly analyze spillover effects from urban to wildland areas. Organisms living in urban areas within restored or remnant habitats located in an urban matrix, or within the built environment have largely unknown effects on landscape-level ecological processes. We conclude with a discussion on the critical gaps in research linking these habitats to larger landscape-level ecological understanding, and provide recommendations for research prior-ities that might illuminate this important aspect of 21st century conservation planning.