PINEAL-GLAND - NEUROCHEMICAL TRANSDUCER
PINEAL-GLAND - NEUROCHEMICAL TRANSDUCER
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DOI：
10.1126/science.184.4144.1341
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发表时间：
1974-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
AXELROD, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
AXELROD, J
在过去的十年中，松果体已经成为大量研究的主题，因为它为研究昼夜节律和神经对终末器官的调节提供了一个富有成效的实验模型。在哺乳动物中，松果体位于 * 两个大脑半球之间，人重约100毫克，大鼠重约1毫克（1）。松果体起源于发育中的哺乳动物胚胎的大脑，但出生后不久就失去了与大脑的直接神经连接。松果体实质细胞受交感神经（含去甲肾上腺素）支配，交感神经的胞体位于上级颈神经节（2）。两栖动物的松果体有感光细胞，可以直接对环境光产生神经冲动（3）。然而，在哺乳动物的松果体细胞中没有发现光感受器元件。现代松果体研究的开始源于吲哚胺褪黑激素（5-甲氧基-N-乙酰基-
The pineal gland has become the subject of considerable investigation during the past decade because it provides a productive experimental model for studying circadian rhythms andregulation of end organs by nerves. In the mammal, the pineal gland rests between* the two cerebral hemispheres and weighs about 100 milligrams in man and 1 mg in the rat (1). The pineal gland originates in the brain of the developing mammalian embryo, but it loses direct nerve connection with the brain soon after birth. The pineal parenchymal cells are innervated by sympathetic nerves (noradrenaline-containing) whose cell bodies lie in the superior cervical ganglia (2). Amphibian pineals have photoreceptive cells that can gen-erate nerve impulses in direct response to environmental light (3). Photorecep-tor elements, however, are not found in the mammalian pineal cells. The beginning ofthe modern era in pineal research stemmed from the isolation and identification of the indole-amine melatonin (5-methoxy-N-acetyl-