The effect of duration of the vegetative phase in irrigated semi-dwarf spring wheat on phenology, growth and potential yield across sowing dates at low latitude
The effect of duration of the vegetative phase in irrigated semi-dwarf spring wheat on phenology, growth and potential yield across sowing dates at low latitude
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DOI：
10.1016/j.fcr.2016.06.019
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发表时间：
2016-11-01
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
Fischer, R. A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Fischer, R. A.
为了研究营养生长期的长短（播种至开花开始）对潜在产量的影响，姐妹春小麦半矮秆品种Yecora和Cajeme，后者具有额外的春化敏感等位基因（Vrn-A1v）和光周期敏感等位基因（Ppd-D1b），在墨西哥西北部（北纬27度）灌溉和高肥力条件下，在4 - 5个播种期种植5年以上。在最早的播种（10月下旬至11月上旬）Cajeme有20天以上的营养期，这种延迟稳步下降到8天，在最新的播种（1月中下旬），开花日期Cajeme分别为17和6天后。在营养生长阶段的最低温度水平的关系强烈表明，这种播种日期品种的相互作用，主要是因为在一个环境中，有有限的春化寒冷的春化等位基因的差异。Cajeme在开花期和生理成熟期产生了更大的最大芽数、更多的每穗小穗节数、更大的绿色面积指数和更大的地上干物质。然而，Cajeme的产量并不比Yecora高，即使将产量与开花日期作图，每平方米的谷粒数也往往较少。当每平方米粒数与花前光温商、粒重与灌浆平均温度相关时，也得到了类似的结论：两个品种的反应相似，尽管Cajeme的每平方米粒数略少，籽粒较重，因此开花前后的天气决定了这些产量构成因素。其他一些产量构成因素也轻微，但显着，影响品种的方式独立于开花日期和天气。因此，Cajeme在开花期具有显著较高的穗干物质和显著较低的结实效率（73.8粒/g穗干物质对84.2粒/g穗干物质）。有人建议，后者是一个结果，较长的营养期导致更大的分蘖，分蘖存活较差，更有竞争力的开花前冠层，导致小花存活较差的谷物轴承穗。由于在播种时全部施氮肥，可能夸大了分蘖过多的现象。(C)2016爱思唯尔B.V.保留所有权利。
In order to study the effect of duration of the vegetative period (sowing to floral initiation) on potential yield, sister spring wheat semi-dwarf cultivars, Yecora and Cajeme, the latter having an extra vernalization sensitive allele (Vrn-A1v) and a photoperiod sensitive one (Ppd-D1b), were grown at 4-5 sowing dates over 5 years under irrigation and high fertility in northwest Mexico (latitude 27 degrees N). In the earliest sowings (late Oct-early Nov) Cajeme had a 20 day longer vegetative period; this delay decreased steadily to 8 days in the latest sowings (mid-late January); anthesis date for Cajeme was, respectively, 17 and 6 days later. Relationships to minimum temperature levels in the vegetative phase strongly suggest that this sowing date by cultivar interaction arises largely because of the difference in vernalization alleles in an environment where there is limited vernalizing cold. Cajeme produced a greater maximum number of shoots, more spikelet nodes per spike, greater green area index, and greater above ground dry matter at anthesis and at physiological maturity. However Cajeme yielded no more than Yecora, even when yield was plotted against anthesis date, tending to have fewer grains/m(2). A similar conclusion was reached when grains/m(2) were related to preanthesis photothermal quotient, and grain weight to grain filling mean temperature: both cultivars responded similarly although Cajeme had slightly fewer grains/m(2) and heavier kernels, thus weather around flowering dominated determination of these yield components. Some other yield components were also slightly, but significantly, affected by cultivar in a manner independent of flowering date and weather. Thus Cajeme had a significantly higher spike dry matter at anthesis and a significantly lower fruiting efficiency of Cajeme (73.8 versus 84.2 grains/g spike dry matter). It is suggested that the latter was a consequence of the longer vegetative period leading to greater tillering, poorer tiller survival and a more competitive preanthesis canopy, causing poorer floret survival in grain-bearing spikes. The excessive tillering may have been exaggerated by supplying all nitrogen fertilizer at sowing. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.