Source, health risk and composition impact of outdoor very fine particles (VFPs) to school indoor environment in Xi'an, Northwestern China.
Source, health risk and composition impact of outdoor very fine particles (VFPs) to school indoor environment in Xi'an, Northwestern China.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.101
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发表时间：
2018-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Hongmei Xu;B. Guinot;Junji Cao;Yaqi Li;Xinyi Niu;K. Ho;Zhenxing Shen;Sui-xin Liu;Ting Zhang-Ting-Zh
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hongmei Xu;B. Guinot;Junji Cao;Yaqi Li;Xinyi Niu;K. Ho;Zhenxing Shen;Sui-xin Liu;Ting Zhang-Ting-Zh
极细颗粒物（VFP，PM0.25）能够深入呼吸道，对健康产生不良影响，尤其是对儿童。普遍缺乏关于学校暴力受害者的资料。2012年5月16日至30日，我们对Xi市某初中学校的VFP的化学成分、来源及健康风险进行了调查。结果表明，有机物（37%和39%）、SO42 −（13%和11%）和地质物质（20%和24%）是室内和室外VFP的主要成分。室内的VFP种类，如SO42 −和元素碳，主要来自室外，如燃煤和交通排放。但学生活动引起的颗粒物再悬浮、粉笔尘和从室外输入的土壤尘也是导致教室空气质量恶化的原因。与室外相比，室内的一些因素，如较高的室温，有限的体积和较长的悬浮时间的教室颗粒，甚至可以导致显着的二次污染物的产生。据推测，与室内VFP结合的重金属（主要来自外部）与非癌症健康风险相关，特别是通过摄入途径的Pb和通过皮肤接触的Mn。室外VFPs可能通过吸入途径与多环芳烃的癌症健康风险相关。本研究证实，室内和室外污染源都对室内VFP有贡献，在西北地区城市地区，VFP的健康风险应引起高度关注。
Very fine particles (VFPs, PM0.25) are able to travel deeply into the respiratory tract and can produce adverse health effects, especially to children. Information on the VFPs in schools is generally lacking. We investigated the chemical compositions, sources and health risks of VFPs in a junior secondary school of Xi'an, China, during May 16th to 30th, 2012. The results showed that organic matter (37% and 39%), SO42 −(13% and 11%) and geological material (20% and 24%) were the major components of VFPs both outdoors and indoors. The VFP species indoors, such as SO42 −and elemental carbon, are mainly from outdoor origins, e.g. coal burning and traffic emissions. But particle resuspension by student activities, chalk dust and import from outdoors of soil dust also contributed to deteriorate air quality in the classroom. By contrast to outdoors, several indoor factors, like higher room temperature, limited volume and longer suspension time of classroom particles, can even lead to significant secondary pollutant production. Heavy metals (mainly from outside) bound to indoor VFPs are supposedly associated to non-cancer health risks, especially Pb through ingestion pathway and Mn through dermal contact. Outdoor VFPs may be associated to PAHs cancer health risks via inhalation way. This study confirms that both indoor and outdoor sources had contributions to indoor VFPs, and that VFPs health risk should be of higher concern in urban areas of Northwestern China.