Are Prisons Obsolete
Are Prisons Obsolete
复制标题
监狱已经过时了吗
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2003
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Angela Davis
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Angela Davis
参与女权主义项目的人不应认为国家惩罚结构对其工作来说是无关紧要的。前瞻性研究和组织策略应该认识到，惩罚的深刻性别特征既反映并进一步巩固了更大社会的性别结构。女囚犯创作了少量但令人印象深刻的文献，这些文献阐明了惩罚组织的重要方面，否则这些方面将得不到承认。例如，阿萨塔·沙库尔的回忆录揭示了种族主义、男性统治和政治镇压的国家战略之间的危险交叉点。 1977 年，她因与 1973 年发生的一起事件有关的谋杀和袭击罪被定罪，该事件导致一名新泽西州警察死亡、另一人受伤。她和她的同伴扎伊德·沙库尔（Zayd Shakur）在枪战中丧生，他们是我们现在所说的种族定性的目标，并被州警察以尾灯损坏为借口拦下。当时，阿萨塔·沙库尔（Assata Shakur），当时被称为乔安妮·切西玛德（Joanne Chesimard），处于地下状态，被警方和媒体称为“黑人解放军的灵魂”。 1977 年被定罪后，她要么被无罪释放，要么在其他六起案件中的指控被驳回——正是基于这些原因，她首先被宣布为逃犯。她的律师伦诺克斯·海因兹 (Lennox Hinds) 指出，既然已证明阿萨塔·沙库尔没有使用开枪射击州警的枪，那么在媒体妖魔化她的背景下，她在车里的存在就构成了对她定罪的基础。海因兹在沙库尔自传的前言中写道：在新泽西州的历史上，没有任何女性审前拘留者或囚犯受到像她这样的待遇，持续被关在男子监狱中，在她最私密的功能下受到二十四小时的监视，没有智力上的寄托，
who are involved in feminist projects should not consider the structure of state punishment as marginal to their work. Forwardlooking research and organizing strategies should recognize that the deeply gendered character of punishment both reflects and further entrenches the gendered structure of the larger society. Women prisoners have produced a small but impressive body of literature that has illuminated significant aspects of the organization of punishment that would have otherwise remained unacknowledged. Assata Shakur's memoirs, for example, reveal the dangerous intersections of racism, male domination, and state strategies of political repression. In 1977 she was convicted on charges of murder and assault in connection with a 1973 incident that left one New Jersey state trooper dead and another wounded. She and her companion, Zayd Shakur, who was killed during the shootout, were the targets of what we now name racial profiling and were stopped by state troopers under the pretext of a broken taillight. At the time Assata Shakur, known then as Joanne Chesimard, was underground and had been anointed by the police and the media as the "Soul of the Black Liberation Army." By her 1977 conviction, she either had been acquitted or had charges dismissed in six other cases-upon the basis of which she had been declared a fugitive in the first place. Her attorney, Lennox Hinds, has pointed out that since it was proven that Assata Shakur did not handle the gun with which the state troopers were shot, her mere presence in the automobile, against the backdrop of the media demonization to which she was subjected, constituted the basis of her conviction. In the foreword to Shakur's autobiography Hinds writes: In the history of New Jersey, no woman pretrial detainee or prisoner has ever been treated as she was, continuously confined in a men's prison, under twenty-four-hour surveillance of her most intimate functions, without intellectual sustenance,