Knowledge as a Global Public Good
Knowledge as a Global Public Good
复制标题
知识作为全球公共物品
DOI：
10.1093/0195130529.003.0015
复制
发表时间：
1999
影响因子：
7.8
通讯作者：
J. Stiglitz
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Stiglitz
美国第三任总统托马斯·杰斐逊曾这样描述知识：“从我那里接受思想的人，接受了我的指导而不减少我的指导；正如他照亮了我的思想，他得到的是光明而不是我的黑暗。”在这样做的过程中，杰斐逊预见到了公共产品的现代概念。今天，我们认识到，知识不仅是一种公共产品，而且是一种全球或国际公共产品。我们也逐渐认识到，知识是成功发展的核心。国际社会通过世界银行等机构，对创造和传播一种全球公共产品--知识促进发展负有集体责任。本文的目的是回顾全球公共产品的概念，解释知识是公共产品的意义，并探讨知识是全球公共产品这一事实对国际公共政策的影响。我将特别强调知识促进发展的作用，今年的《世界发展报告》2有力地阐述了这一作用及其后果。
Thomas Jefferson, the third President of the United States, described knowledge in the following way: “He who receives an idea from me, receives instruction himself without lessening mine; as he who lights his taper at mine, receives light without darkening me.” In doing so, Jefferson anticipated the modern concept of a public good. Today, we recognize that knowledge is not only a public good, but a global or international public good. We have also come to recognize that knowledge is central to successful development. The international community, through institutions like the World Bank, has a collective responsibility for the creation and dissemination of one global public good -knowledge for development. The purpose of this paper is to review the concept of global public goods, to explain the sense in which knowledge is a public good, and to explore the implications for international public policy that derive from the fact that knowledge is a global public good. In particular, I shall emphasize the role of knowledge for development, articulated forcefully in this year’s World Development Report, 2 and the consequences that follow.