A greenhouse screening technique for acid soil tolerance in maize
A greenhouse screening technique for acid soil tolerance in maize
复制标题
温室玉米耐酸性土壤筛选技术
DOI：
10.2134/agronj1996.00021962008800050020x
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发表时间：
1996
期刊：
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
L. A. León
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Urrea;H. Ceballos;S. Pandey;A. F. B. Filho;L. A. León
在田间评价玉米（Zea mays L.）对土壤酸度的耐受性是昂贵的，而且结果也不稳定。为了确定玉米的替代筛选技术，本研究采用了一种已经用于其他作物的盆栽生物测定法。进行了两个实验。一个包括一组来自八个亲本的双列杂交，另一个包括一组10个开放授粉的品种。这些材料在田间条件下、营养液中和含有2公斤土壤的花盆中进行了评价。在中等胁迫（45-65% Al饱和度）土壤中，盆栽14 d后获得最佳效果。鲜根重、总根长（或侧根长）和视觉评分是区分耐受性基因型和易感基因型的最佳方法，缺乏显著的基因型与土壤的相互作用，是有效、简单和快速的测量方法。这些变量与田间产量呈显著的表型相关（0.55）。盆栽生物试验虽然能有效区分耐受性基因型和敏感基因型，但不能清楚地检测出耐受性水平的差异。这项技术应该主要用于玉米育种的早期阶段。结果表明，玉米对土壤酸度的耐受性具有多种机制。
Evaluating maize (Zea mays L.) in the field for tolerance to soil acidity is expensive and provides variable results. To identify alternative screening techniques for maize, the present study adapted a pot bioassay already used for other crops. Two experiments were conducted. One included a set of diallel crosses from eight parents and the other a set of 10 open-pollinated cultivars. These materials were evaluated under field conditions, in nutrient solution, and in pots containing 2 kg of soil. The best results were obtained after growing plants for 14 d in pots containing soils having intermediate stress (45-65% Al saturation). Fresh root weight, total length (or lateral root length), and visual scoring provided the best separation between tolerant and susceptible genotypes, lacked a significant genotype x soil interaction, and were efficient, simple, and rapid measurements. Significant phenotypic correlations (0.55) were observed between these variables and yield in the field. While efficiently distinguishing tolerant from susceptible genotypes, the pot bioassay could not clearly detect differences in levels of tolerance. This technique should be useful mainly in the early stages of maize breeding. Results suggest that maize possesses several mechanisms for tolerance to soil acidity.