Recent developments in cochlear physiology.
Recent developments in cochlear physiology.
复制标题
耳蜗生理学的最新进展。
DOI：
10.1097/00003446-198608000-00003
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发表时间：
1986
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Lippe,WR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lippe,WR
耳蜗生理学的最新发现使我们长期以来关于耳朵如何分析声音的想法重新得到了评估。本文描述了耳蜗传导的三种经典观念的变化：（1）耳蜗频率呈现沿着有一个梯度，高频呈现在底部，低频呈现逐渐向顶部。现在已知，在沿耳蜗沿着的给定位置处表示的特定频率不是不变的，而是在听觉的正常发育期间系统地变化。(2)沿着耳蜗的位置码和频率调谐沿着是由于von Békésy的传统行波和基底膜力学。在缺乏行波的非哺乳类脊椎动物中的实验表明，其他机制，包括毛细胞静纤毛的机械共振，可能有助于tonotopic组织和频率调谐。毛细胞静纤毛可能也有助于哺乳动物耳蜗的频率表征和调谐。(3)基底膜对声音的振动是由其被动力学性质决定的。现在已知的是，基底膜的反应以及耳蜗分区的反应作为一个整体受到利用代谢能量的生理过程的影响。这些活跃的过程可能通过外毛细胞的运动活动来表达。
Recent findings in cochlear physiology have caused many of our long held ideas about how sound is analyzed by the ear to be reevaluated. This article describes changes which have occurred in three classical ideas of cochlear transduction:(1) There is a gradient of frequency representation along the cochlea with high frequencies being represented at the base and lower frequencies represented progressively toward the apex. It is now known that the specific frequency which is represented at a given location along the cochlea is not invariant but changes systematically during the normal development of hearing.(2) The place code and frequency tuning along the cochlea are due to the conventional traveling wave of von Békésy and basilar membrane mechanics. Experiments in nonmammalian vertebrates which lack a traveling wave have shown that other mechanisms, including the mechanical resonance of hair cell stereocilia, may contribute to tonotopic organization and frequency tuning. It is possible that hair cell stereocilia also contribute to frequency representation and tuning in the mammalian cochlea.(3) The vibration of the basilar membrane to sound is determined by its passive mechanical properties. It is now known that the response of the basilar membrane, and that of the cochlear partition as a whole, is influenced by physiological processes which utilize metabolic energy. The active processes are likely expressed through the motile activity of outer hair cells.