Involvement of rat posterior prelimbic and cingulate area 2 in vocalization control
Involvement of rat posterior prelimbic and cingulate area 2 in vocalization control
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DOI：
10.1111/ejn.14477
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发表时间：
2019-10-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Brecht, Michael
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bennett, Peter Julian Garnett;Maier, Eduard;Brecht, Michael
微刺激标测确定了灵长类前扣带回皮质的发声区域。大鼠的前扣带回和前额内侧区域也得到了深入的研究，但我们不知道这些皮质区域是如何影响发声的，也没有对刺激诱发的发声进行系统的映射。为了解决这个问题，我们在大鼠扣带回和内侧前额叶皮质定位了微刺激诱发(超声波)发声。诱发发声的发生率在额叶皮质区域之间有显著差异。发声主要发生在后前部皮质和扣带回2区，而在背部(触觉运动皮质、次级运动皮质和扣带1区)和前部(前前部、内侧/腹侧眶皮质)的发声较少。在腹内侧区(边缘下皮质和背侧丘脑皮质)可以观察到中等频率的发声。可能会引发各种完整的、自然发生的呼叫。大脑皮层浅层微刺激主要诱发恐惧叫声，效率较低；深层微刺激主要诱发50 kHz叫声，效率较高。发声刺激阈值较高(最大值为70~500 mA，平均为~400 mA)，潜伏期较长(中位数175 ms)。后前脑皮质通过中脑导水管周围灰质双突触投射到许多靶点和支配的脑干发声中枢，如中间网状结构和疑后核。后前扣带回皮质的解剖位置、刺激效果和投射靶点与猴前扣带回发声皮质相似。我们的数据表明，与指定发声的声学细节相比，后前脑皮质更密切地参与了发声起始的控制。
Microstimulation mapping identified vocalization areas in primate anterior cingulate cortex. Rat anterior cingulate and medial prefrontal areas have also been intensely investigated, but we do not know, how these cortical areas contribute to vocalizations and no systematic mapping of stimulation-evoked vocalizations has been performed. To address this question, we mapped microstimulation-evoked (ultrasonic) vocalizations in rat cingulate and medial prefrontal cortex. The incidence of evoked vocalizations differed markedly between frontal cortical areas. Vocalizations were most often evoked in posterior prelimbic cortex and cingulate area 2, whereas vocalizations were rarely evoked in dorsal areas (vibrissa motor cortex, secondary motor cortex and cingulate area 1) and anterior areas (anterior prelimbic, medial-/ventral-orbital cortex). Vocalizations were observed at intermediate frequencies in ventro-medial areas (infralimbic and dorsopeduncular cortex). Various complete, naturally occurring calls could be elicited. In prelimbic cortex superficial layer microstimulation evoked mainly fear calls with low efficacy, whereas deep layer microstimulation evoked mainly 50 kHz calls with high efficacy. Vocalization stimulation thresholds were substantial (70-500 mu A, the maximum tested; on average ~400 mu A) and latencies were long (median 175 ms). Posterior prelimbic cortex projected to numerous targets and innervated brainstem vocalization centers such as the intermediate reticular formation and the nucleus retroambiguus disynaptically via the periaqueductal gray. Anatomical position, stimulation effects and projection targets of posterior prelimbic cortex were similar to that of monkey anterior cingulate vocalization cortex. Our data suggest that posterior prelimbic cortex is more closely involved in control of vocalization initiation than in specifying acoustic details of vocalizations.