Antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli from pigs from birth to slaughter and its association with antibiotic treatment
Antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli from pigs from birth to slaughter and its association with antibiotic treatment
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DOI：
10.1016/j.prevetmed.2019.02.008
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发表时间：
2019-04-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Kaesbohrer, Annemarie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Burow, Elke;Rostalski, Anja;Kaesbohrer, Annemarie
这项纵向研究的目的是描述从出生到屠宰期间从猪身上分离出的粪便中大肠杆菌耐药性的发生情况及其与抗生素治疗的关系。解决了四个目标：比较 a) 治疗猪与未治疗猪的分离株的抗生素耐药性，b) 治疗猪和未治疗猪的后续样本与初始样本，c) 通过不同给药途径接受治疗的猪，以及 d) 母猪及其仔猪。每次比较都针对以下用于治疗的抗生素组：β-内酰胺类、四环素类、多粘菌素类和大环内酯类，以及大肠杆菌分离株对相应药物的敏感性：氨苄西林、四环素、粘菌素和阿奇霉素。 2014 年至 2016 年期间，对来自 29 个商业种畜群的 406 只焦点动物进行了从出生到相关育肥期结束的跟踪。这些猪的所有抗生素治疗都被记录下来。在哺乳期间、断奶后和育肥期间分别从重点猪身上采集一次粪便样本，并在产仔前后从母猪身上采集一次粪便样本。从这些样本中分离出的大肠杆菌进行了抗生素敏感性测试。总共，来自 19 个种畜群的 264 只动物在其一生中至少接受过一次抗生素治疗。最常使用的是β-内酰胺类、四环素类和粘菌素。通过注射（n = 108 次治疗）或通过灌洗（9 次）单独治疗仔猪；断奶猪通过饲料（192）或水（56），育肥猪通过饲料（30）或注射（15）。在抗生素治疗之前，大肠杆菌对氨苄西林和四环素的耐药性已经很常见。与未经处理的猪相比，在不同的采样周期，经β-内酰胺、四环素、粘菌素和大环内酯类处理的猪的耐药比例较高（p < 0.05；Fisher 精确检验）。在逻辑分析中，证实了经过 β-内酰胺处理的猪与未经处理的猪之间的差异。与治疗前相比，未经大环内酯治疗的猪的大肠杆菌对阿奇霉素的耐药性更为频繁。即使Fisher精确检验表明β-内酰胺类药物（饲料/水与注射剂）、四环素类药物（饲料/水与未处理）和大环内酯类药物（土拉霉素注射剂与饲料中泰乐菌素）之间存在关联，但在逻辑分析中，施用途径并未影响抗生素耐药率。如果母猪也携带对氨苄西林或阿奇霉素耐药的仔猪，则它们更有可能携带大肠杆菌。我们的结果表明，需要进一步研究给药途径的耐药效应。减少母猪的抗生素耐药性可能会导致其后代中β-内酰胺或大环内酯类耐药大肠杆菌的水平降低。为了保留细菌感染的治疗选择，抗生素的使用应仅限于必要的病例。
The purpose of this longitudinal study was to describe the occurrence of antibiotic resistance in faecal Escherichia colt isolated from pigs between birth and slaughter and its association with antibiotic treatment. Four objectives were addressed: comparison of antibiotic resistance in isolates from a) treated vs. non-treated pigs, b) follow-up vs. initial samples of treated and non-treated pigs, c) pigs receiving treatments via different administration routes and d) sows and their piglets. Each comparison addressed the following antibiotic groups used for treatment: beta-lactams, tetracyclines, polymyxins and macrolides, and the susceptibility of E coli isolates to the respective agents: ampicillin, tetracycline, colistin and azithromycin.Between 2014 and 2016, 406 focal animals from 29 commercial breeding herds were followed from birth to the end of the relevant fattening periods. All antibiotic treatments in these pigs were documented. Faecal samples were collected from the focal pigs once while suckling, once after weaning and three limes during fattening, and from their dams once around farrowing. Escherichia coli isolated from these samples was tested for antibiotic susceptibility.In total, 264 animals from 19 breeding herds were treated with an antibiotic at least once during their lifetime. Beta-lactams, tetracyclines and colistin were used most frequently. Piglets were treated individually by injection (n = 108 treatments) or via drench (9); weaners via feed (192) or water (56) and fatteners via feed (30) or injection (15). Resistance to ampicillin and tetracycline in E. cola was already common prior to antibiotic treatment. Resistance proportions were higher for beta-lactam-, tetracycline-, colistin- and macrolide-treated pigs compared to untreated pigs at different sampling periods (p < 0.05; Fisher's exact test). In the logistic analysis, the difference was confirmed for beta-lactam-treated vs. untreated pigs. In E. coli from macrolide-untreated pigs, resistance to azithromycin was more frequent compared to pre-treatment values. Route of application did not affect rates of antibiotic resistance in the logistic analysis even though Fisher's exact test indicated associations for beta-lactams (feed/water vs. injection), tetracyclines (feed/water vs. non-treatment) and macrolides (tulathromycin-injection vs. tylosin in feed). Piglets were more likely to carry an E. coli resistant to ampicillin or azithromycin if their dams did so as well.Our results suggest further research on resistance effects by administration routes is required. Reducing antibiotic resistance in sows might lead to a lower level of beta-lactam or macrolide-resistant E. coli among their progeny. To preserve treatment options for bacterial infections, antibiotic use should be restricted to necessary cases.