Occurrence and migration of phthalates in adhesive materials to fruits and vegetables
Occurrence and migration of phthalates in adhesive materials to fruits and vegetables
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126277
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发表时间：
2021-06-09
影响因子：
13.6
通讯作者：
Liu, Donghui
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hou, Haonan;Min, Yihao;Liu, Donghui
标签或胶带广泛用于新鲜水果和蔬菜，其中可能含有邻苯二甲酸酯（PAEs）。关于邻苯二甲酸酯从标签或胶带到食品的污染途径的研究很少。本研究调查了市售不干胶标签、胶带、贴有标签的水果和蔬菜中11种邻苯二甲酸酯的含量。标签和胶带中检出11种邻苯二甲酸酯，总浓度为7.44-30.51 mg/m2。邻苯二甲酸二乙酯（DEP）、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（DIBP）、邻苯二甲酸二甲酯（DIBP）、邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯（DEHP）和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（DBP）在胶粘剂材料样品中的检出频率最高。标记水果中PAEs的含量高于未标记水果，尤其是果皮中，表明PAEs可以从标签或胶带转移到水果和蔬菜。此外，PAEs从标签或磁带迁移到苹果，鳄梨和芹菜的行为进行了研究。结果表明，PAEs可通过果皮渗透到苹果和鳄梨果肉中，导致PAEs残留在整个果实中。与苹果皮不同，厚的鳄梨皮更难被PAEs渗透。由于脂肪含量高，PAEs在鳄梨果肉中的分布比在苹果果肉中更均匀。鳄梨皮中邻苯二甲酸丁基苄酯（BBP）的迁移量最高可达4.16 mg/kg，鳄梨果肉中的迁移量最高可达0.188 mg/kg。芹菜中PAEs的平均迁移量为0.3 ~ 26.1 μ g/kg，迁移量低可能与芹菜表面粗糙、接触面积小有关。这些发现表明，直接接触标签或胶带可能会增加通过水果和蔬菜接触人类的PAEs风险。
Labels or tapes are widely used on fresh fruits and vegetables, which may contain phthalates (PAEs). There are few studies on the contamination pathway of PAEs from labels or tapes to food stuff. In this study, the concentrations of eleven PAEs in adhesive labels, tapes, labeled fruits and vegetables on the market were investigated. The eleven PAEs were detected with the total concentration of 7.44-30.51 mg/m2 in labels and tapes. Diethyl phthalate (DEP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DIBP), dimethyl phthalate (DMP), Bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) had the highest detection frequency in adhesive material samples. The concentrations of PAEs in labeled fruits were higher than that in unlabeled fruits, especially in the peel, indicating PAEs could transfer from labels or tapes to fruits and vegetables. Furthermore, the migration behaviors of PAEs from labels or tapes to apples, avocados and celery were investigated. It was found that the PAEs could penetrate to apple and avocado pulp through the peel, resulting in the residue of the PAEs in the whole fruit. Unlike apple peel, the thick avocado peel was more difficultly penetrated by the PAEs. Due to the high lipid content, the PAEs distributed more evenly in avocado pulp than in apple pulp. The migrations up to a maximum of 4.16 mg/kg were found for butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP) in avocado peel and up to a maximum of 0.188 mg/ kg in avocado pulp. The average migration of the PAEs in celery ranged from 0.3 to 26.1 mu g/kg in three days and the low migration might result from the rough surface and less contacting area. These findings suggest that the use of labels or tapes in direct contact may increase the risk of PAEs exposure to humans through fruits and vegetables.