Interferon inhibits a model RNA virus via a limited set of inducible effector genes.

Interferon inhibits a model RNA virus via a limited set of inducible effector genes.
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DOI:
10.15252/embr.202356901
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发表时间:
2023-09-06
期刊:
影响因子:
7.7
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
生物学2区
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--
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干扰素通过诱导由干扰素刺激基因(ISG)编码的抗病毒效应蛋白的表达来控制病毒感染。该领域主要集中在识别个体抗病毒ISG效应物并定义其作用机制。然而,关于干扰素应答的知识仍然存在根本性的空白。例如,不知道需要多少ISG来保护细胞免受特定病毒的侵害,尽管理论上许多ISG协同作用以实现病毒抑制。在这里,我们使用基于CRISPR的功能丧失筛选来鉴定一组明显有限的ISG,这些ISG赋予干扰素介导的对模型甲病毒委内瑞拉马脑炎病毒(VEEV)的抑制。我们通过组合基因靶向显示,三种抗病毒效应子-ZAP,IFIT 3和IFIT 1-共同构成了干扰素介导的VEEV限制的大部分,同时占干扰素诱导的转录组的< 0.5%。总之,我们的数据表明,一个完善的抗病毒干扰素反应模型,其中一个小的子集的“显性”ISG可能会赋予一个给定的病毒的大部分抑制。ZAP、IFIT 3和IFIT 1是限制委内瑞拉马脑炎病毒的显性效应子,同时占总干扰素诱导基因的< 0.5%。因此,病毒可能仅被有限的一组干扰素刺激基因抑制。
Interferons control viral infection by inducing the expression of antiviral effector proteins encoded by interferon‐stimulated genes (ISGs). The field has mostly focused on identifying individual antiviral ISG effectors and defining their mechanisms of action. However, fundamental gaps in knowledge about the interferon response remain. For example, it is not known how many ISGs are required to protect cells from a particular virus, though it is theorized that numerous ISGs act in concert to achieve viral inhibition. Here, we used CRISPR‐based loss‐of‐function screens to identify a markedly limited set of ISGs that confer interferon‐mediated suppression of a model alphavirus, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV). We show via combinatorial gene targeting that three antiviral effectors—ZAP, IFIT3, and IFIT1—together constitute the majority of interferon‐mediated restriction of VEEV, while accounting for < 0.5% of the interferon‐induced transcriptome. Together, our data suggest a refined model of the antiviral interferon response in which a small subset of “dominant” ISGs may confer the bulk of the inhibition of a given virus. ZAP, IFIT3, and IFIT1 are dominant effectors that restrict Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, while comprising < 0.5% of the total interferon‐induced genes. Viruses may thus be suppressed by only a limited set of interferon‐stimulated genes.
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