Ungulate malaria parasites.
Ungulate malaria parasites.
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解开疟疾寄生虫。
DOI：
10.1038/srep23230
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发表时间：
2016-03-21
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Kaneko O
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Templeton TJ;Asada M;Jiratanh M;Ishikawa SA;Tiawsirisup S;Sivakumar T;Namangala B;Takeda M;Mohkaew K;Ngamjituea S;Inoue N;Sugimoto C;Inagaki Y;Suzuki Y;Yokoyama N;Kaewthamasorn M;Kaneko O
偶趾有蹄类动物的血孢子虫寄生虫种类繁多，分布于全球，但自 1913 年发现以来，对它们的表征完全依赖于基于显微镜的描述。为了利用分子方法来研究有蹄类疟原虫的身份和进化关系，我们使用越南和泰国水牛以及赞比亚山羊的血液进行了疟原虫细胞色素b特异性巢式PCR调查。我们发现在这些国家的水牛身上很容易检测到疟原虫，这表明水牛疟原虫的分布区域比印度更广泛，而印度是唯一报告有水牛疟原虫的地区。从水牛中鉴定出两种类型（I 和 II）的疟原虫序列，并从山羊中分离出第三种类型（III）。 I 型样本的吉姆萨试剂染色血涂片证实了寄生虫的形态。分离出完整的线粒体 DNA 序列并用于推断系统发育，其中有蹄类疟原虫在血孢子纲内形成单系进化枝，并在包含鸟类、蜥蜴和其他哺乳动物疟原虫的进化枝之前分支。因此，疟原虫的宿主从鸟类到哺乳动物的转变可能发生了多次，其中向有蹄类动物的转变独立于其他哺乳动物疟原虫。
Haemosporida parasites of even-toed ungulates are diverse and globally distributed, but since their discovery in 1913 their characterization has relied exclusively on microscopy-based descriptions. In order to bring molecular approaches to bear on the identity and evolutionary relationships of ungulate malaria parasites, we conducted Plasmodium cytb-specific nested PCR surveys using blood from water buffalo in Vietnam and Thailand, and goats in Zambia. We found that Plasmodium is readily detectable from water buffalo in these countries, indicating that buffalo Plasmodium is distributed in a wider region than India, which is the only area in which buffalo Plasmodium has been reported. Two types (I and II) of Plasmodium sequences were identified from water buffalo and a third type (III) was isolated from goat. Morphology of the parasite was confirmed in Giemsa-reagent stained blood smears for the Type I sample. Complete mitochondrial DNA sequences were isolated and used to infer a phylogeny in which ungulate malaria parasites form a monophyletic clade within the Haemosporida, and branch prior to the clade containing bird, lizard and other mammalian Plasmodium. Thus it is likely that host switching of Plasmodium from birds to mammals occurred multiple times, with a switch to ungulates independently from other mammalian Plasmodium.