Posttranslational protein S-palmitoylation and the compartmentalization of signaling molecules in neurons.
Posttranslational protein S-palmitoylation and the compartmentalization of signaling molecules in neurons.
复制标题
翻译后蛋白 S-棕榈酰化和神经元中信号分子的区室化。
作者：
S. Patterson
蛋白质结构域在细胞内信号系统的空间和时间组织中发挥着重要作用。虽然长期以来人们都知道蛋白质磷酸化可以改变该组织的相互作用，但脂质的动态循环现在应该包含在决定信号转导特异性的翻译后过程中。该过程的特征让人想起蛋白质和脂质磷酸化通过 SH2 或 PH 结构域确定区室化的特性。最近的研究证实了蛋白质 S-棕榈酰化在信号分子划分中的功能重要性，这些信号分子支持细胞分裂和细胞凋亡、突触传递和神经突生长的正常生理功能。在神经元中，S-棕榈酰化和蛋白筏靶向在发育过程中受到许多过程的差异调节，包括一些与突触发生和突触可塑性相关的过程。蛋白质 S-棕榈酰化状态的改变会极大地影响其细胞功能，从而提高了癌症和神经系统损伤和疾病新治疗靶点的可能性。
Protein domains play a fundamental role in the spatial and temporal organization of intracellular signaling systems. While protein phosphorylation has long been known to modify the interactions that underlie this organization, the dynamic cycling of lipids should now be included amongst the posttranslational processes determining specificity in signal transduction. The characteristics of this process are reminiscent of the properties of protein and lipid phosphorylation in determining compartmentalization through SH2 or PH domains. Recent studies have confirmed the functional importance of protein S-palmitoylation in the compartmentalization of signaling molecules that support normal physiological function in cell division and apoptosis, and synaptic transmission and neurite outgrowth. In neurons, S-palmitoylation and targeting of proteins to rafts are regulated differentially in development by a number of processes, including some related to synaptogenesis and synaptic plasticity. Alterations in the S-palmitoylation state of proteins substantially affect their cellular function, raising the possibility of new therapeutic targets in cancer and nervous system injury and disease.